【Original text】
楚子之在蔡也①，矍阳封人之女奔之②，生大子建③。及即位，使伍奢为之师④，费无极为少师⑤，无宠焉，欲谮诸王③，曰：“建可室矣(7)。”王为之聘于秦。无极与逆(8)，劝王取之。正月，楚夫人 赢氏至自秦(9)。
When the son of Chu was in Caiye, the daughter of Qianyang Fengren came to him and gave birth to his eldest son Jian. When he came to the throne, Wu She was appointed as his teacher ④, and Fei Wuji was a young teacher ⑤. He was unfavored and wanted to tease the kings ③, saying: "Build a Keshi (7)." The king hired Qin for him. Wuji and Ni (8), advise the king to take it. In the first month of the first lunar month, Mrs. Chu's Ying clan came to Zi Qin (9).
楚子为舟师以伐濮(10)。费无极言于楚子曰：“晋之伯也(11)，迩于诸夏；而楚辟陋(12)，故弗能与争。若大城城父(13)，而置大子焉，以 通北方，王收南方，是得天下也。”王说，从之。故大子建居于城 父。（以上昭公十九年）
Chuzi served as the boat commander to attack Pu (10). Fei Wuji said to Chuzi: "The uncle of Jin (11) is far away from the Xia; but Chu has conquered the poor (12), so he cannot compete with him. If the father of Dacheng (13) puts the eldest son Yan to connect the north, and the king takes over the south, he will conquer the world." The king said, follow it. Therefore, the eldest son built his father in the city. (The above is the 19th year of Zhaogong)
费无极言于楚子曰：“建与伍奢将以方城之外叛(14)，自以为犹 宋、郑也， 、晋又交辅之，将以害楚，其事集矣(15)。”王信之，问 伍奢。伍奢对曰：“君一过多矣(16)，何信于谗？”王执伍奢，使城父 司马奋扬杀大子。未至，而使遣之。三月，大子建奔宋。王召奋 扬，奋扬使城父人执己以至(17)。王曰：“言出于余口，入于尔耳，谁 告建也？”对曰：“臣告之。君王命臣曰：‘事建如事余。’臣不佞， 不能苟贰(18)。奉初以还(19)，不忍后命，故遣之。既而悔之，亦无及 已。”王曰：“而敢来(20)，何也？”对曰；“使而失命，召而不来，是 再奸也(21)。逃无所入。”王曰：“归。从政如他日。”
Fei Wuji said to Chuzi: "Jian and Wushe will rebel outside Fangcheng (14). They think that they are like Song and Zhengye, and Jin and Jin will assist them. They will harm Chu, and their affairs are gathered together (15)." Wang Xinzhi asked Wushe. Wu She said to him: "There are too many kings (16), how can you believe in slander?" The king held Wu She and ordered the city father Sima Fenyang to kill the eldest son. Before he arrives, he will be dispatched. In March, the eldest son Jian went to Song Dynasty. The king called Fenyang, and Fenyang made the fathers of the city stick to their own will (17). The king said: "The words come out of my mouth and into your ears, who is going to tell me to build it?" He said to him: "I will tell you. The king ordered his ministers to say: 'Everything is built as if there is nothing left to do.' I am not a sycophant, and I can't be stubborn (18). I gave it back at the beginning (19), and I couldn't bear to do it later, so I sent it. I regretted it, but it was too late. Already." The king said: "Why do you dare to come?" He replied: "If you fail to call, you will have no place to escape." The king said: "Go back to politics."
无极曰：“奢之子材，若在吴，必忧楚国，盍以免其父召之。 彼仁，必来。不然，将为患。”王使召之，曰：“来，吾免而父。” 棠君尚谓其弟员曰(22)：“尔适吴，我将归死。吾知不逮(23)，我能死，尔能报。闻免父之命，不可以莫之奔也；亲戚为戮(24)，不可以莫之 报也。奔死免父，孝也；度功而行，仁也；．择任而往，知也；知 死不辟，勇也。父不可弃(25)，名不可废(26)，尔其勉之！相从为愈(27)。”伍尚归。奢闻员不来，曰：“楚君、大夫其旰食乎(28)！”楚人皆杀之。
Wuji said: "If Luxury's son is in Wu, he will worry about Chu. I will avoid his father calling him. He is benevolent and will come. Otherwise, there will be trouble." The king's envoy called him and said: "Come, I will save my father." Tang Junshang said to his disciples (22): "You are in Wu, and I will return to death. I know that if I can't catch you (23), I can die, and you can repay me. If you hear that you can avoid your father's orders, you can't run away; if you have relatives who want to kill (24), you can't avoid repaying him. Running to death to avoid your father is filial piety; doing meritorious deeds is benevolence; choosing to go there is knowing; knowing. If you die, you will be brave. The father cannot be abandoned (25), and the name cannot be abolished (26). If you follow him, you will be healed (27). When She heard that the officials did not come, he said: "The Lord of Chu and the officials, what are you going to eat on that day (28)!" All the people of Chu killed him.
员如吴，言伐楚之利于州于(29)。公子光曰(30)“：“是宗为戮，而欲 反其仇(31)，不可从也。”员曰：“彼将有他志(32)，余姑为之求士，而 以待之(33)。”乃见 设诸焉(34)，而耕于。（以上昭公二十年）
Members like Wu said that attacking Chu would be beneficial to the state (29). Gongzi Guang said (30): "This sect is trying to kill people, but if you want to take revenge on them (31), you can't follow it." "The officer said: "The general has other ambitions (32), and I am looking for scholars for him, and I am waiting for him (33). " Then I saw Zhu Yan (34) and cultivated it. (The above is the 20th year of Zhaogong)
【注释】
【Note】
①楚子：指楚平王。②矍(jue)阳：蔡国地名，在今河南新蔡，封人；。管理边境的官员。奔：不按礼而娶，即姘居。③大子建：太子建，即 王子建，楚平王太子。④伍奢：伍举的儿子，楚国大夫，伍尚、伍员 (yun)的父亲。⑤少师：教导和辅佐太子的官。(6)谮(zen)：诬陷， 诬告。(7)室：娶妻，成家。(8)与逆：参加迎亲。(9)楚夫人：指 原先为楚太子建礼聘的秦女。(10)舟师：水军。淄；南方部落，在今湖北 石首。(11)伯：同“霸”。(12)辟陋：偏 简陋、(13)城：筑城。城父： 楚国邑名，在今河南宝丰东四十里。方(14)城：地名，在楚国北部边境。 (15)集：成。(16)过：一次过错。(17)城父人：城父大夫。(18)苟 贰：随便怀有二心。(19)奉初；接受头一次命令。还(xuan)：周旋。 (20)而：你。(21)奸：犯。(22)棠：楚国邑名，在今河南遂平西北。尚：伍 尚，当时任棠邑大夫。员：伍员。(23)知：同“智”。不逮：不及。(24) 亲戚：至亲，指父亲。(25)父不可弃：兄弟二起逃走就是弃父。(26)名 不可废：兄弟一起殉父，无人报仇，就是废名。(27)愈：胜过。(28)旰 (gan)食：晚食，不能按时吃饭。(29)州于；吴王僚。(30)公子光：吴 王夷昧的儿子。(31)反其仇：报其仇。(32)他志；别的用心，指想杀僚夺位。(33)：乡野。(34)见：引见。 (zhuan)设诸：吴国勇士。
① Chu Zi: refers to King Ping of Chu. ②犍(jue)yang: The place name of Cai State, in today’s Xincai, Henan Province, the title of the person; Officials who manage borders. Ben: Marrying without following the etiquette means living together as a concubine. ③Dazijian: Prince Jian, Prince Jian, Prince of Chuping. ④Wu She: The son of Wu Ju, a senior official in the state of Chu, and the father of Wu Shang and Wu Yuan (yun). ⑤Shaoshi: The official who teaches and assists the prince. (6) Zhen (zen): false accusation, false accusation. (7) Room: Marry a wife and start a family. (8) Contrary to: Participate in the wedding ceremony. (9) Mrs. Chu: refers to the Qin daughter who was originally hired by the Prince of Chu. (10) Boat Division: Navy. Zi; Southern tribe, in Shishou, Hubei Province today. (11) Bo: Same as "Ba". (12) Provision of rudeness: partial and crude, (13) City: building a city. Chengfu: The name of the city in the state of Chu, located forty miles east of Baofeng, Henan Province. Fang (14) City: Place name, on the northern border of Chu State. (15) Set: Cheng. (16) Guo: One mistake. (17) Chengfuren: Chengfu doctor. (18) Gou 2: Have two minds at will. (19) Fengchu; accept the first order. Huan (xuan): Zhou Xuan. (20) And: you. (21) Rape: commit. (22) Tang: The name of the city in the state of Chu, located in the northwest of Suiping, Henan today. Shang: Wu Shang was a doctor in Tangyi at that time. Member: Wu member. (23) Zhi: Same as "wisdom". Not caught: not enough. (24) Relative: Close relative, refers to father. (25) Father should not be abandoned: Two brothers running away together are abandoning their father. (26) The name cannot be abolished: If brothers sacrifice their father together and no one takes revenge, the name is invalid. (27) Yu: To win. (28) 旰 (gan) Food: Eat late, cannot eat on time. (29) Zhouyu; King Liao of Wu. (30) Gongzi Guang: The son of Wu Wang Yimei. (31) Counter his revenge: take revenge. (32) Other ambitions; other intentions refer to wanting to kill officials and seize the throne. (33): countryside. (34) See: introduction. (zhuan) Let Zhu: Warriors of Wu State.
【译文】
【Translation】
楚平王在蔡国的时候，蔡国矍阳边境官员的女儿私奔到他那 里，生下太子建。到平王即位时，便派伍奢当太子建的老师，派费无极当少师。费无极得不到宠信，想要诬陷太子，说；“太子建可以娶妻了。”楚平王从泰国为太子建聘得女子。费无极参加了迎 亲，却劝说楚平王自己娶这个女子。正月，楚平王的夫人赢氏从秦国来到了楚国。
When King Ping of Chu was in the State of Cai, the daughter of a border official of the State of Cai Yang eloped to him and gave birth to Prince Jian. When King Ping came to the throne, he appointed Wu She as Prince Jian's teacher and Fei Wuji as his young master. Fei Wuji was not favored and wanted to frame the crown prince, saying, "Prince Jian is ready to marry." King Ping of Chu hired a woman from Thailand for Prince Jian. Fei Wuji attended the wedding, but persuaded King Chu Ping to marry this woman himself. In the first month of the first month, Yingshi, the wife of King Ping of Chu, came to Chu from Qin.
楚平王组建了水军以攻打濮人。费无极对楚平王说：“晋国之 所以能够称霸，是因为靠近中原；而楚国偏 狭小，所以不能同 晋国争雄。如果扩大城父的城墙，把太子安排在那里，以便和北 方各国交往，君王会已收取南方，这样就可以取得天下。”楚平天 很高兴，听从了费无极的话。因此，太子建就住在了城父
King Ping of Chu formed a naval army to attack the Pu people. Fei Wuji said to King Ping of Chu: "The reason why Jin can dominate is because it is close to the Central Plains; Chu is too small to compete with Jin for supremacy. If the city wall is expanded and the prince is placed there to communicate with the northern countries, the king will take over the south, and then he can conquer the world." Chu Pingtian was very happy and listened to Fei Wuji's words. Therefore, Prince Jian lived in Chengfu
费无极对楚平王说。“太子建和伍奢准备率 方城以外的人反 叛，自己认为像宋国和郑国一样， 国和晋国又一起帮助他，将用他来危害楚国，事情就成功了。”楚平王相信了他的话，就责问伍奢。伍奢回答说：“君王有一次过错就够严重了。为什么还要听 信谗言？”楚平王把伍奢抓了起来，派城父司马奋扬去杀太子建。 奋扬还没有到城父，便先派人送去了太子建。三月，太子建逃往 宋国。楚平王召来奋扬，奋扬让城父大夫把自己抓起来送到国都。 楚平王说；“话出自我的口中，进入你的耳朵，是谁告诉了太子建？” 奋扬回答说：“是臣下告诉他的。君王曾经命令臣下说：‘事奉太子建要同事奉我一样。’臣下不才，不能随便有二心。臣下照当初 的命令对待太子，不忍心照后来的命令做，所以送走了太子。不 王 久臣下又后悔这样做，但已经来不及了。”楚平王说：“你还敢来 见我，为什么？”奋扬回答说：“接受命令而没有完成，再召见不 来、就是第二次犯错误了。臣下就是逃走也无处会容纳。”楚平王 说：“回去吧，还像从前一样处理政事。”
Fei Wuji said to King Ping of Chu. "Prince Jian and Wu She are preparing to lead people outside Fangcheng to rebel. They think that like Song and Zheng, Jin and Jin will help him and use him to harm Chu, and the matter will be successful." King Ping of Chu believed his words and asked Wu She. Wu She replied: "One mistake is serious enough for the king. Why do you still listen to slander?" King Chu Ping arrested Wu She and sent Sima Fenyang, the father of the city, to kill Prince Jian. Before Fenyang arrived at Chengfu, he sent someone to Prince Jian first. In March, Prince Jian fled to Song Dynasty. King Chu Ping summoned Fen Yang, who asked the city father to arrest him and send him to the capital. King Chu Ping said, "The words came from my mouth and entered your ears. Who told Prince Jian?" Fen Yang replied, "It was the minister who told him. The king once ordered his ministers: 'Serve Prince Jian as if you are serving me.' The minister is not talented and cannot have second thoughts. The minister treated the prince according to the original order and could not bear to follow the later order, so he sent the prince away. No. Wang Your Majesty Jiu regretted doing this again, but it was too late. "King Chu Ping said, "Why do you still dare to come to see me?" Fen Yang replied, "If you fail to complete the order, you will make a mistake for the second time. Even if you run away, there will be no place for you." King Chu Ping said, "Go back and handle political affairs as before."
费无极说：“伍奢的儿子很有才能，如果他们到了吴国，必定会使楚国担忧，为什么不以赦免他们父亲的名义召他们回来呢？他们很仁义，一定会回来。要不然，他们就会成为祸患。”楚平王派 人去召他们回来，说：“只要回来，我就赦免你们的父亲。”棠邑 大夫伍尚对他弟弟伍员说：“你到吴国去，我准备回去送死。我的 才智比不上你，我能为父亲而死，你能为父亲极仇。听到可以赦 免父亲的命令，不能不赶快回去；亲人被杀戮，不能没有人报仇。赴死而使父亲得到赦免，这是孝顺；掂量成功的可能性而行动，这 是仁义；选择重任而前往，这是明智；明知必死而不躲避，这是 勇气。父亲不可以抛弃，名誉不可以毁掉，你努力而为吧！这样 总比两个人跟在一起好。”伍尚回去了。伍奢听说伍员没有回来 说：“楚国君王和大夫恐怕不能按时吃饭了！”楚平王把伍奢和但 尚都杀了。
Fei Wuji said: "Wu She's sons are very talented. If they come to Wu, they will definitely worry Chu. Why not call them back in the name of pardoning their father? They are kind and righteous, and they will definitely come back. Otherwise, they will become a disaster." King Ping of Chu sent people to call them back and said, "As long as they come back, I will pardon your father." Tangyi. The doctor Wu Shang said to his younger brother Wu Yuan: "You go to the Kingdom of Wu. I am going to go back and die. My intelligence is not as good as yours. I can die for my father, but you can avenge my father. When you hear the order to pardon your father, you have to go back quickly; if your relatives are killed, you can't live without someone to avenge you. To die so that your father can be pardoned is filial piety; to act based on the possibility of success is benevolence; to choose an important task and go there is wise; to not avoid death when you know it is inevitable is filial piety. Courage. You can't abandon your father, and you can't destroy your reputation. It's better to work hard than to be together." Wu Shang went back. Wu She heard that Wu Yu had not returned and said, "I'm afraid the king and the officials of Chu will not be able to eat on time!" King Ping of Chu killed Wu She and Dan Shang.
伍员到了吴国，向州于说明攻打楚国的好处。公子光说：“这是他的家族被杀戮而想报私仇，不能听信他的话。”伍员说：“他是别有用意，我姑且为他寻求人才，在乡间住下等待机会。”于是，他把 设诸推荐给公子光，而自己却在乡下种田。
Wu Yu arrived at Wu State and explained to Zhou Yu the benefits of attacking Chu State. Gongzi Guang said: "This is because his family was killed and he wanted to avenge himself. He cannot be believed." Wu Yuan said: "He has ulterior motives. I will look for talents for him and live in the countryside to wait for opportunities." So he recommended She Zhu to Gongzi Guang, while he farmed in the countryside.
【读解】
【Interpretation】
谄佞小人，真的就像耗子屎，掉到汤锅里，把好端端的一锅 汤给搞坏了。这个故事中的费无极，便是这样的耗子屎。伍奢一 家被弄得家破人亡，伍员出逃后助吴伐楚，十七年之后差点儿为 楚国灭掉。几句谗言，就搅得天翻地覆，国家和百姓不得安宁。
A sycophant is really like a rat droppings that fell into the soup pot and spoiled the good pot of soup. Fei Wuji in this story is such a rat shit. Wu She's family was ruined. After Wu She fled, he helped Wu attack Chu. Seventeen years later, he was almost wiped out by the Chu state. A few slanderous words turned the world upside down, and the country and its people found no peace.
不能小看了奸佞小人。凡是有人群的地方，就有他们的身影 凡是有利可图的时候，他们就会不择一切手段往里钻；甚至就多 既无好事又无利可图、与他们毫不相干的时候，他们也会把臭脚 伸进水中。
Don't underestimate the treacherous villain. Wherever there are crowds of people, there are their presence. Whenever there is something profitable, they will do whatever it takes to get in; even when there is nothing good to do, no profit, and nothing to do with them, they will stick their stinky feet into the water.
奸佞小人往往有很大的能量，对此不可低估。他们善子看风 向，嗅气味，找弱点，搞伪装，下毒手，借刀杀人，金蝉脱壳。多 数时候他们活动的目的是为名为利为权，而也有时候纯粹为了发 泄不满和妒忌。他们的内心阴暗得绝对不可透进阳光，散发著 腐霉烂的气息。他们的所作所为也从来是不可告人，在暗地里进行的。
Traitors often have great energy, which should not be underestimated. They are good sons who look at the direction of the wind, smell the smell, find weaknesses, disguise themselves, use poisonous hands, kill people with borrowed knives, and escape from the golden cicada's shell. Most of the time the purpose of their activities is to gain fame and power, but sometimes it is purely to vent their dissatisfaction and jealousy. Their hearts are so dark that no sunlight can penetrate them, exuding a rotten atmosphere. What they do is always done secretly and secretly.
奸佞小人永远不可能消失，就好像上帝在造人的时候就让人 带上了人性的弱点一样，上帝他老人家也同时造出了好人和坏人， 天使和恶魔。让这两种相对立的东西同时存在，彼此斗争。
Traitors can never disappear. Just as God created humans with human weaknesses, God also created good people and bad people, angels and demons. Let these two opposites exist at the same time and fight against each other.
是啊，小人无处不在，防不胜防。人们都相信光明总会战胜黑暗、人正不怕影子歪。但是，这种说法过于乐观。我们虽然不 必悲观到怀疑光明终将战胜黑暗，好人不会永远不幸。但也不能 不承认我们有时很难战胜小人，小人得志的时候也很多，况且双 方交锋是一个过程，不是好人占上风，就是小人占上风。这是客 观现实，也是过往的历史告诉我们的，所有的历史都是由善和恶 组成的，没有清一色的善的历史，也没有清一色的恶的历史。
Yes, villains are everywhere and difficult to guard against. People believe that light will always defeat darkness, and that people who are upright are not afraid of distorted shadows. However, this statement is too optimistic. Although we do not need to be so pessimistic as to doubt that light will eventually defeat darkness, and good people will not be unhappy forever. But we have to admit that it is sometimes difficult for us to defeat the villain, and there are many times when the villain succeeds. Moreover, the confrontation between the two sides is a process. Either the good guy has the upper hand, or the villain has the upper hand. This is an objective reality, and what past history tells us is that all history is composed of good and evil. There is no history that is entirely good, and there is no history that is entirely evil.
我们虽然无法使奸佞小人从地球上消失，但提防他们总是可以的，一旦发现，与他们斗争总是能做到的，绝对讲不得半点儿 客气。
Although we cannot make treacherous villains disappear from the earth, we can always be wary of them. Once discovered, we can always fight against them, and we must not be polite at all.
