【经】
十有七年春，小邾子来朝。夏六月甲戌朔，日有食之。秋，郯子来朝。八月，晋荀吴帅师灭陆浑之戎。冬，有星孛于大辰。楚人及吴战于长岸。
In the spring of the seventh year, Xiao Zhuzi came to court. In the sixth month of summer, Jiaxu and Shuo, there will be food on the sun. In autumn, Tanzi came to court. In August, Marshal Wu of Jin Xun destroyed Lu Hun's army. In winter, there are stars in Dachen. The Chu people and the Wu people fought at Chang'an.
【传】
【Biography】
十七年春，小邾穆公来朝，公与之燕。季平子赋《采叔》，穆公赋《菁菁者莪（é）》。昭子曰：“不有以国，其能久乎？”
In the spring of the seventeenth year, Duke Mu of Xiaozhu came to court, and the Duke followed Yan. Ji Pingzi wrote "Uncle Cai" and Mu Gong wrote "Jing Jing Zhe E (é)". Zhaozi said: "How long can a country last without a country?"
十七年春季，小邾穆公来鲁国朝见，昭公和他一起饮宴。季平子赋了《采叔》，穆公赋了《菁菁者莪》。昭子说：“假若没有治理国家的人才，国家能长久吗？”
In the spring of the seventeenth year, Duke Mu of Xiaozhu came to the state of Lu to meet him, and Duke Zhao had a banquet with him. Ji Pingzi wrote "Uncle Cai" and Duke Mu wrote "Jing Jing Zhe Er". Zhaozi said: "If there are no talents to govern the country, can the country last long?"
夏六月甲戌朔，日有食之。祝史请所用币。昭子曰：“日有食之，天子不举，伐鼓于社；诸侯用币于社，伐鼓于朝。礼也。”平子御之，曰：“止也。唯正月朔，慝未作，日有食之，于是乎有伐鼓用币，礼也。其余则否。”大史曰：“在此月也。日过分而未至，三辰有灾。于是乎百官降物，君不举，辟移时，乐奏鼓，祝用币，史用辞。故《夏书》曰：‘辰不集于房，瞽奏鼓，啬夫驰，庶人走。’此月朔之谓也。当夏四月，是谓孟夏。”平子弗従。昭子退曰：“夫子将有异志，不君君矣。”
In the sixth month of summer, Jiaxu and Shuo, there will be food on the sun. I wish you the best coins. Zhaozi said: "There is an eclipse on the day, but the emperor does not raise it, and he beats the drum in the society; the princes use coins in the society, and beat the drum in the court. It is a ritual." Pingzi responded, saying: "Stop. Only on the first day of the first lunar month, when you have not done it, and the sun has an eclipse, so there is a coin to beat the drum, and it is a ritual. The rest are not." The great historian said: "In this month. When the day is too late, there will be disaster. Therefore, when the emperor does not move, music plays drums, blessings are used, and history uses words. Therefore, "Xia Shu" says: "When the sun does not gather in the room, the blind man plays the drum, and the common people go away." This is the first day of the summer, and it is called Meng Xia. Zhaozi retreated and said: "Master, you will have different ambitions, and you will not be your master."
夏季，六月初一日，发生日食。掌管祭祀的官员请示所应该使用的祭品，昭子说：“发生日食，天子不进丰盛的菜肴，在土地神庙里击鼓。诸侯用祭品在土地神庙里祭祀，在朝廷上击鼓。这是礼制。”平子禁止这样做，说：“不能那样做。只有周正六月初一，阴气没有发作，发生日食，才击鼓用祭品，这是礼制。其他的时候就不这样。”太史说：“就是在这个月。太阳过了春分而没有到夏至，日、月、星有了灾殃，在这时候百官穿上素服，国君不进丰盛的菜肴，离开正寝躲过日食的时辰，乐工击鼓，祝使用祭品，史官使用辞令来祈祷消灾去祸。所以《夏书》说：‘日月交会不在正常的地位上，瞽师击鼓，啬夫驾车，百姓奔跑’，说的就是这个月初一的情况。正当夏正的四月，所以叫做孟夏。”平子不听从。昭子退出，说：“这个人将要有别的念头，他不把国君当成国君了。”
In summer, on the first day of June, a solar eclipse occurs. The official in charge of sacrifices asked for instructions on the sacrifices that should be used. Zhaozi said: "When there is a solar eclipse, the emperor does not eat rich dishes and beats drums in the earth temple. The princes use sacrifices in the earth temple and beat drums in the court. This is the etiquette system." Confucius forbade this and said: "You can't do that. Only on the first day of the sixth lunar month in the Zhouzheng period, when the Yin energy does not attack and a solar eclipse occurs, drums are beaten and sacrifices are made. This is a ritual. It is not like this at other times." Taishi said: "It is in this month. The sun passes. When the vernal equinox is reached but not the summer solstice, the sun, moon, and stars suffer disasters. At this time, all officials wear plain clothes, the king refrains from feasting on sumptuous dishes, and leaves his bed to avoid the solar eclipse. Musicians beat drums and sacrifices are used to pray, and historians use rhetoric to pray and ward off disasters. To eliminate misfortunes. Therefore, "The Book of Xia" says: "The sun and the moon are not in the normal position, the blind master beats the drum, the stingy man drives the car, and the people run", which is the situation on the first day of the month, which is the fourth month of Xia Zheng, so it is called Meng Xia. Zhaozi withdrew and said, "This man will have other ideas. He will no longer regard the king as the king."
秋，郯子来朝，公与之宴。昭子问焉，曰：“少皞氏鸟名官，何故也？”郯子曰：“吾祖也，我知之。昔者黄帝氏以云纪，故为云师而云名；炎帝氏以火纪，故为火师而火名；共工氏以水纪，故为水师而水名；大皞氏以龙纪，故为龙师而龙名。我高祖少皞挚之立也，凤鸟适至，故纪于鸟，为鸟师而鸟名。凤鸟氏，历正也。玄鸟（即燕）氏，司分者也；伯赵（即伯劳）氏，司至者也；青鸟（即黄莺）氏，司启者也；丹鸟（即锦鸡）氏，司闭者也。祝鸠（鹁鸪）氏，司徒也；鴡鸠（jū jiū鱼鹰）氏，司马也；鸤鸠（shī jiū布谷鸟）氏，司空也；爽鸠（鹰类）氏，司寇也；鹘鸠（gú jiū斑鸠）氏，司事也。五鸠，鸠民者也。五雉，为五工正，利器用、正度量，夷民者也。九扈为九农正，扈民无淫者也。自颛顼以来，不能纪远，乃纪于近，为民师而命以民事，则不能故也。”
In autumn, Tanzi came to court and the Duke had a banquet with him. Zhaozi asked Yan, "Why is Shaohao's family named after an official?" Tanzi said, "My ancestors, I know it. In the past, Huang Di's family was based on clouds, so they were named Yunshi; Yandi's family was based on fire, so they were named fire masters; Gonggong's family was based on water, so they were named water masters; Dahao's family was based on dragons, so they were named dragons. My great ancestor Shaohao Zhizhi When it is established, the phoenix bird comes at the right time, so it is named after the bird master. The surname of the bird bird is Li Zhengye. The jiū fish eagle clan is Sima; the 鸸鸸 (shī jiū cuckoo) clan is Sikong; the Shuangjiu (eagle) clan is Sikou; the falcon dove (gú The jiū turtle clan is also the official. The five pheasants are the ones who have the right skills, sharp tools, and correct measurement. The nine husbands are the righteous ones, and the husbands are the ones without sexual misconduct. Since Zhuan Xu, it is not possible to keep track of people far away, but to keep track of people nearby.
秋季，郯子来鲁国朝见，昭公和他一起饮宴。昭子询问他，说：“少皞氏用鸟名作为官名，这是什么缘故？”郯子说：“他是我的祖先，我知道。从前黄帝氏用云记事，所以设置各部门长官都用云字命名。炎帝氏用火记事，所以设置各部门长官都用火字命名。共工氏用水记事，所以设置各部门长官都用水字命名。太皞氏用龙记事，所以设置各部门长官都用龙来命名。我的高祖少皞挚即位的时候，凤鸟正好来到，所以就从鸟开始记事，设置各部门长官都用鸟来命名。凤鸟氏，就是掌管天文历法的官。玄鸟氏，就是掌管春分、秋分的官。伯赵氏，是掌管夏至、冬至的官。青鸟氏，是掌管立春、立夏的官。丹鸟氏，是掌管立秋、立冬的官。祝鸠氏，就是司徒；鴡鸠氏，就是司马；鸤鸠氏，就是司空；爽鸠氏，就是司寇；鹘鸠氏，就是司事。这五鸠，是鸠聚百姓的。五雉是五种管理手工业的官，是改善器物用具、统一尺度容量、让百姓得到平均的。九扈是九种管理农业的官，是制止百姓不让他们放纵的。自从颛顼以来，不能记述远古的事情，就从近古开始记述，做百姓的长官而用百姓的事情来命名，那已经是不能照过去办理了。”
In the autumn, Tanzi came to the state of Lu to pay homage, and Duke Zhao had a banquet with him. Zhaozi asked him, "Why did Shaohao use the name of a bird as his official name?" Tanzi said, "He is my ancestor, and I know it. In the past, the Huangdi family used clouds to record events, so the heads of various departments were named with the word "cloud". The Yandi family used fire to record events, so the heads of each department were named with the character "fire". The Gonggong family used water to record events, so all department heads were named with the character "fire". The chief officials are all named with water characters. The Taihao family uses dragons to record events, so the officials of all departments are named after dragons. When my great ancestor Shao Haozhi came to the throne, Fengniao happened to be named after birds, so the officials of each department were named after birds. The Fengniao family is the official in charge of the astronomical calendar. The Zhao family is the official in charge of the summer solstice and the winter solstice. The Qingniao family is the official in charge of the beginning of spring and the beginning of summer. The Zhujiu family is the official in charge of the beginning of autumn and winter. The Jiu family is Sima; the Yujiu family is Sikong; the Shuangjiu family is Sikou; the Wujiu family is the Secretary. The five pheasants are the five management skills. The officials of the industry are those who improve the utensils and utensils, unify the scale and capacity, and make the people get equal. The nine kinds of officials are responsible for managing agriculture and preventing the people from letting them indulge. Since Zhuan Xu, we can't record the ancient things. We can't record them from the modern times. When we are the chiefs of the people, we can't do it according to the people's affairs. "
仲尼闻之，见于郯子而学之。既而告人曰：“吾闻之：‘天子失官，学在四夷’，犹信。”
Zhongni heard about it, saw it in Tanzi and learned it. Then he told people: "I heard: 'The emperor lost his official position and learned from the barbarians', and I still believe it."
孔子听到了这件事，进见郯子并向他学习古代官制。不久以后告诉别人说：“我听说，‘在天子那里失去了古代官制，官制的学问还保存在远方的小国’，这话还是可以相信的。”
Confucius heard about this, went to see Tanzi and learned from him about the ancient official system. Not long after, he told others: "I heard, 'The ancient official system was lost with the emperor, but the knowledge of the official system is still preserved in small countries far away.' This can still be believed."
晋侯使屠蒯如周，请有事于雒与三涂。苌弘谓刘子曰：“客容猛，非祭也，其伐戎乎？陆浑氏甚睦于楚，必是故也。君其备之！”乃警戎备。九月丁卯，晋荀吴帅师涉自棘津，使祭史先用牲于洛。陆浑人弗知，师従之。庚午，遂灭陆浑，数之以其贰于楚也。陆浑子奔楚，其众奔甘鹿。周大获。宣子梦文公携荀吴而授之陆浑，故使穆子帅师，献俘于文宫。
The Marquis of Jin sent Kuai Ruzhou to be slaughtered, and asked Luo and Santu to help him. Chang Hong said to Liu Zi: "The guests are so fierce, it is not a sacrifice, but it is to attack the Rong? Lu Hun's family is very friendly to Chu, it must be for this reason. Please prepare for it!" It is a warning to the army. On Ding Mao in the ninth month, Commander-in-Chief Xun Wu of the Jin Dynasty came from Jijin, and sent sacrifices to the emperor in Luo. The people in Lu Hun didn't know it, so they learned from it. In Geng Wu, Lu Hun was destroyed and he was killed in Chu. Lu Hunzi went to Chu, and his people went to Ganlu. Zhou Dahu. Xuanzi Meng Wen Gong brought Xun Wu to teach Lu Hun, so he sent Mu Zi to command the army and offer prisoners to Wen Palace.
晋顷公派屠蒯去到周朝，请求祭祀洛水和三涂山。苌弘对刘子说：“客人的脸色凶猛，不是为了祭祀，恐怕是为了进攻戎人吗！陆浑氏和楚国很友好，一定是这个缘故。您还是防备一下。”于是就对戎人加强警备。九月二十四日，晋国的荀吴领兵从棘津徒步涉水，让祭史先用牲口祭祀洛水。陆浑人不知道，部队就跟着打过去。二十七日，就灭亡了陆浑，责备他们和楚国勾结。陆浑子逃亡到楚国，他的部下逃亡到甘鹿。周朝俘虏了大批陆浑人。韩宣子梦见晋文公拉着荀吴而把陆浑交付给他，所以让他领兵，在晋文公庙里奉献俘虏。
Jin Qinggong sent Tu Kuai to the Zhou Dynasty to request sacrifices to Luoshui and Santu Mountain. Chang Hong said to Liu Zi: "The guest's face is fierce. It is not for sacrificing, but for attacking the Rong people! The Lu Hun family is very friendly with the Chu State, it must be for this reason. You'd better be on guard." So he strengthened his guard against the Rong people. On September 24, Xun Wu of the Jin State led his troops to wade through the water on foot from Jijin, and asked the priest to sacrifice animals to Luoshui first. The people in Lu Hun didn't know, so the troops followed him and fought. On the twenty-seventh day, Lu Hun was killed and accused of colluding with Chu. Lu Hunzi fled to Chu, and his men fled to Ganlu. The Zhou Dynasty captured a large number of Lu Hun people. Han Xuanzi dreamed that Duke Wen of Jin took Xun Wu and handed over Lu Hun to him, so he asked him to lead the army and sacrifice the prisoners in the temple of Duke Wen of Jin.
冬，有星孛于大辰，西及汉。申须曰：“彗所以除旧布新也。天事恒象，今除于火，火出必布焉。诸侯其有火灾乎？”梓慎曰：“往年吾见之，是其征也，火出而见。今兹火出而章，必火入而伏。其居火也久矣，其与不然乎？火出，于夏为三月，于商为四月，于周为五月。夏数得天。若火作，其四国当之，在宋、卫、陈、郑乎？宋，大辰之虚也；陈，大皞之虚也；郑，祝融之虚也，皆火房也。星孛天汉，汉，水祥也。卫，颛顼之虚也，故为帝丘，其星为大水，水，火之牡也。其以丙子若壬午作乎？水火所以合也。若火入而伏，必以壬午，不过其见之月。”郑裨灶言于子产曰：“宋、卫、陈、郑将同日火，若我用瓘斝玉瓚，郑必不火。”子产弗与。
In winter, there are stars in Dachen, reaching Han Dynasty in the west. Shen Xu said: "The comet is to remove the old and spread the new. Heavenly events are constant. Now it is removed from fire. When fire comes out, it must be spread. Are there any fires among the princes?" Zi Shen said: "In the past, I saw it. It was the sign of fire. Now when fire comes out, it must be seen." When fire comes in, it has been there for a long time. Is it not the case? If fire comes out, it will be in the third month in the summer, in the fourth month in the Zhou Dynasty. If the fire is in the sky, it will be in the Song, Wei, Chen, and Zheng Dynasties. Xunye; Chen, the Xueye of Dahao; Zheng, the Xueye of Zhurong, are all fire houses. Huh? So water and fire are combined. If the fire comes in, it will not be able to see the moon. "Zheng Fizao said to Zichan: "Song, Wei, Chen, and Zheng will have the same fire. If I use the jade Zan, there will be no fire."
冬季，彗星在大火星旁边出现，光芒西达银河。申须说：“彗星是用来除旧布新的，天上发生的事常常像征凶吉，现在对大火星清扫，大火星再度出现必然散布灾殃，诸侯各国恐怕会有火灾吧！”梓慎说：“去年我见到它，这就是它的征兆了。大火星出现而见到它。现在它在大火星出现时更加明亮，必然在大火星消失时潜伏。它和大火星在一起已经很久了，难道不是这样吗？大火星出现，在夏正是三月，在商正是四月，在周正是五月。夏代的历数和天像适应，如果发生火灾，恐怕有四个国家承当，在宋国、卫国、陈国、郑国吧！宋国，是大火星的分野；陈国，是太皞的分野；郑国，是祝融的分野，都是大火星所居住的地方。彗星到达银河，银河，就是水。卫国，是颛顼的分野，所以是帝丘，和它相配的星是大水。水，是火的阳姓配偶。恐怕会在丙子日或者壬午日发生火灾吧！水火会在那个时候配合的。如果大火星消失而彗星随着潜伏，一定在壬午日发生火灾，不会超过它发现的那个月。”郑国的神灶对子产说：“宋、卫、陈、郑四国将要在同一天发生火灾。如果我们用瓘斝玉瓒祭神，郑国一定不发生火灾。”子产不肯给。
In winter, comets appear next to Mars, and their light reaches the Milky Way. Shen Xu said: "Comets are used to remove the old and replace the new. Things that happen in the sky often signify bad luck. Now we are cleaning up the big Mars. The reappearance of the big Mars will inevitably spread disasters. I am afraid there will be fires in the princes and countries!" Zi Shen said: "I saw it last year. This is its sign. I saw it when the big Mars appeared. Now it is more obvious when the big Mars appears. It must be bright when the big Mars disappears. It has been with the big Mars for a long time. Isn't it like this? The big Mars appears in March in Xia, in April in Shang Dynasty, and in May in Zhou Dynasty. If a fire breaks out, there will probably be four countries responsible for it, Song, Wei, Chen, and Zheng! The territory of the Great Mars; the Kingdom of Chen, is the territory of the Great Mars; the Kingdom of Zheng is where the Great Mars lives. The Comet reaches the Milky Way, which is the territory of Water; the Kingdom of Wei is the territory of Zhuanxu, and the star that matches it is the Great Water. Water is the yang consort of Fire. I am afraid there will be a fire on Bingzi Day or Renwu Day! They will cooperate at that time. If the big spark disappears and the comet lurks, there will definitely be a fire on the day of Renwu, and it will not exceed the month when it was discovered." Zheng Guo's Shenzao said to Zi Chan: "Song, Wei, Chen, and Zheng will have fires on the same day. If we use the jade Zan to worship the gods, Zheng Guo will not give it.
吴伐楚。阳丐为令尹，卜战，不吉。司马子鱼曰：“我得上流，何故不吉。且楚故，司马令龟，我请改卜。”令曰：“鲂也，以其属死之，楚师继之，尚大克之”。吉。战于长岸，子鱼先死，楚师继之，大败吴师，获其乘舟余皇。使随人与后至者守之，环而堑之，及泉，盈其隧炭，陈以待命。吴公子光请于其众，曰：“丧先王之乘舟，岂唯光之罪，众亦有焉。请藉取之，以救死。”众许之。使长鬣者三人，潜伏于舟侧，曰：“我呼皇，则对，师夜従之。”三呼，皆迭对。楚人従而杀之，楚师乱，吴人大败之，取余皇以归。
Wu attacked Chu. Yang Beggar is the commander, and it is unlucky to predict the war. Sima Ziyu said: "I am going upstream, why is it unlucky? And because of Chu, Sima Linggui, I ask you to change the divination." The order said: "Flyfish, because it belongs to death, the Chu army will follow it, and it will be defeated by Shang Da." lucky. In the battle at Chang'an, Ziyu died first, followed by the Chu army, who defeated the Wu army and captured the remaining emperor in his boat. Let the people who follow you and those who come after you guard it, surround it, cut it, and reach the spring, fill the tunnel with charcoal, and lay it out for orders. Wu Gongzi Guang invited the crowd and said: "It is not only Guang's crime to mourn the late king in a boat, but everyone is also guilty. Please borrow it to save your life." Everyone agreed. The three men with long hyenas lurked on the side of the boat and said: "I call the emperor, and it is right. The teacher came to him at night." Three calls were made, and they were all right. The Chu people killed him unexpectedly, and the Chu army was in chaos. The Wu people defeated them and took the remaining emperor back.
吴国攻打楚国，楚国的阳匄做令尹，占卜战争的结果，不吉利。司马子鱼说：“我们地处上游，为什么不吉利？而且楚国的惯例，由司马在占卜前报告占卜的事情，我请求重新占卜。”报告说：“鲂带领部属战死，楚军跟上去，希望大获全胜。吉利。”两国军队在长岸作战，子鱼先战死，楚军跟着上去，把吴军打得大败，得到一条名叫馀皇的船，派随国人和后来到达的人看守，环绕这条船挖深沟，一直见到泉水，用炭填满，摆开阵势听候命令。吴国的公子光向大家请求说：“丢掉先王坐的船，难道只是光一人的罪过，大家也是有罪的。请求借大家的力量夺取回来以救一死。”大家答应了。派遣身高力壮的三个人偷偷地埋伏在船旁边，说：“我喊馀皇，你们就回答。”军队在夜里跟上去。喊了三次，埋伏的人都交替回答。楚国人上去把他们杀了。楚军混乱，吴军大败楚军，把馀皇号船夺回去了。
When the state of Wu attacked the state of Chu, Yang Gai of the state of Chu was appointed as Ling Yin to predict the outcome of the war, which was unlucky. Sima Ziyu said: "We are located in the upper reaches, why is it unlucky? Moreover, it is the custom of the Chu State that Sima report the divination before the divination. I request a new divination." The report said: "The bream led his subordinates to die in battle, and the Chu army followed, hoping to win a big victory. Auspicious." Two people. The Chinese army fought on Chang'an, and Ziyu died first. The Chu army followed and defeated the Wu army. They got a boat named Yuhuang, and sent the countrymen and those who arrived later to guard it. They dug a deep ditch around the boat until they saw the spring, filled it with charcoal, and set up a position to obey orders. Prince Guang of Wu State begged everyone: "Isn't it only Guang's fault for throwing away the boat that the late king was on? Everyone is also guilty. Please use everyone's strength to take it back and save his life." Everyone agreed. He sent three strong men to ambush beside the ship secretly, saying, "I call you Emperor Yu, and you answer." The army followed him at night. After shouting three times, the people in ambush all answered alternately. The Chu people went up and killed them. The Chu army was in chaos, and the Wu army defeated the Chu army and recaptured the Yuhuang ship.
