【Original text】
卫庄公娶于齐东宫得臣之妹①，曰庄姜②，美而无子，卫人所 为赋《硕人》也③。又娶于陈①，曰厉妫(5)。生孝伯，早死。其娣戴 妫，生桓公，庄姜以为己子。 公于州吁，嬖人之于也①，有宠而好兵，公弗禁。庄姜恶之。 石碏谏曰③；“臣闻爱子，教之以义方、弗纳于邪。骄、奢、淫、 泆(10)，所自邪也。四者之来，宠禄过也。将立州吁，乃定之矣；若 犹未也，阶之为祸(11)”。夫宠而不骄，骄而能降(12)，降而不憾”，憾而 能昣者(14)，鲜矣。且夫贱妨贵，少陵长，远间亲，新间旧，小加大， 淫破义，所谓六逆也。君义，臣行，父慈，子孝，兄爱，弟敬，所 谓六顺也。去顺效逆，所以速祸也(15)。君人者(16)，将祸是务去，而 速之，无乃不可乎即”弗听。其子厚与州吁游，禁之，不可。桓 公立，乃老(18)。（以上隐公三年）
Duke Zhuang of Wei married the sister of a minister in the East Palace of Qi①, named Zhuang Jiang②. She was beautiful but childless, and the people of Wei wrote the poem "Shuo Ren"③. She also married Chen ①, named Li Gui (5). Born to a filial uncle, he died early. His concubine Dai Gui gave birth to Duke Huan, and Zhuang Jiang considered him his son. The public is in Zhouxu, and he is a lover of others. If he is favored and is good at fighting, he is not forbidden. Zhuang Jiang hates it. Shi Que admonished ③; "When I hear that I love my son, I will teach him how to be righteous and accept the evil. Arrogance, extravagance, lewdness, and arrogance (10) are all evil. When the four come, they will be favored and paid too much. When the state is established, it will be decided; if it is not done yet, it will be a disaster (11)." "The husband is favored but not arrogant, the arrogant one can surrender (12), the surrender is not regretful", the one who regrets but can prosper (14) is rare. Moreover, the humble husband hinders the noble, the young mausoleum is long, the distance is close, the new is old, the small is big, sexual intercourse breaks the righteousness, the so-called six rebellions. The king's righteousness, the minister's conduct, the father's kindness, the son's filial piety, the brother's love, the brother's respect, all these are It’s called Liushun. It’s good to get rid of disasters, so disasters can be hastened (16). It’s your duty to get rid of disasters and do it quickly.” Fu Ting. His son Hou was forbidden to travel with Zhouxu, which was not allowed. Huan Gong, Nai Lao (18). (The above three years of Yin Gong)
四年春，卫州吁弑桓公而立。…
In the spring of the fourth year, Weizhou called for the execution of Duke Huan. …
州吁未能和其民，厚问定君于石子。石子曰；“王觐为可(21)。”曰:“何以得觐？”曰。“陈桓公方有宠于王。陈、卫方睦，若朝陈 使请(22)，必可得也。”厚从州吁如陈”。石蜡使告于陈曰：‘卫国褊小 (24),老夫耄矣(25)“，无能为也。此二人者，实弑寡君，敢即图之。” 陈人执之，而请涖于卫(26).九月，卫人使右宰丑涖杀州吁于濮、石 腊使其宰孺羊肩涖杀石厚于陈(27).
Zhouxu failed to harmonize his people, so he asked the king to settle in Shizi. Shi Zi said: "The King's visit is acceptable (21)." He said: "How can I get the King's visit?" "Chen Huan is favored by the king. Chen and Wei are on good terms. If you ask the envoy of Chen (22), you will definitely get it. "Hou Congzhou is like Chen." The paraffin envoy told Chen: "Wei Guo is young (24), and I am old (25)." There is nothing we can do. These two people are actually regicide, and they will do it immediately if they dare. "The Chen people took it and invited them to come to the Wei (26). In September, the Wei people sent the right chief Chou to kill Zhou Yu in Pu, and Shi La sent him to kill Ruyang Jian and kill Shi Hou in Chen (27).
君子曰：“石腊，纯臣也。恶州吁而厚与焉(28).‘大义灭亲’，其 是之谓乎！”
The gentleman said: "Stone wax is a pure minister. The evil state calls for help and is generous (28). ‘The great righteousness destroys relatives’, this is what it means! "
【注释】
【Note】
①卫：诸侯国名，姬姓，在今河南淇县、滑县一带。齐：诸侯国名，姜 姓，在今山东临淄一带。东宫：指太子。得臣：齐庄公的太子。②庄姜： 卫庄公的妻子、庄是丈夫谥号，姜是娘家的姓。③《硕人》：《诗•卫 风》中赞美庄妻的诗。④陈：诸侯国名，妫姓，在今河南开封以东，安 徽毫县以北。⑤厉妫(gui):卫庄公夫人。(6)娣：妹妹。戴妫：随历 妫出嫁的妹妹。(7)嬖(bi)人：低贱而受宠的人。这里指宠妾。(8) 石碏(que):卫国大夫。(9)纳：人。邪：邪道。(10)泆（yi）：放纵 (11)阶：阶梯。这里的意思是引诱。(12)降：指地位下降。(13)憾：恨。 (14)眕(zhen)：克制。 (15)速祸：使灾祸很快到来。(16)君人者：为 人之君者。(17)无乃：恐怕，大概。(18)老:告老退休。(19)和其民: 使其民众安定和睦。(20)定君；安定君位。石子：指石碏。(21)觐：诸 侯朝见天子。(22)朝陈:朝见陈桓公。使请：求陈镇公向周王请求。 (23)如:往，去到。(24)褊（biao）小:狭小。(25)耄(mao)：年老。 八、九十岁叫耄。(26)涖（li）:前来。（27）右宰：官名。丑：人名。濮： 陈国地名。(28)宰:家臣。孺(niu)羊肩:人名。(29)与:参与，一起。
① Wei: The name of the vassal state, with the surname Ji, in the area of Qi County and Hua County in present-day Henan. Qi: The name of the vassal state, with the surname Jiang, in the present-day Linzi area of Shandong Province. Donggong: refers to the prince. Obtained minister: The prince of Duke Zhuang of Qi. ② Zhuang Jiang: The wife of Duke Zhuang of Wei, Zhuang is her husband’s posthumous name, and Jiang is her maiden name. ③ "Shuo Ren": a poem praising Zhuang's wife in "Poem·Wei Feng". ④Chen: The name of the vassal state, with the surname Gui, located east of today's Kaifeng, Henan, and north of Hao County, Anhui. ⑤ Li Gui (gui): Mrs. Wei Zhuang Gong. (6) Di: younger sister. Dai Gui: Sui Li Gui's married sister. (7) Bi (bi) person: a lowly and favored person. This refers to concubine. (8) Shi Que (que): Doctor of the Wei Kingdom. (9) Na: people. Evil: Evil way. (10)泆(yi): Indulgence (11)Step: Ladder. The idea here is to seduce. (12) Demotion: Refers to the decline in status. (13) Regret: Hate. (14)眕(zhen): restraint. (15) Quick disaster: causing disaster to come quickly. (16) The King of People: The King of People. (17) Wu Nai: I’m afraid, probably. (18) Old: retire from old age. (19) Harmony with its people: Make its people peaceful and harmonious. (20) Dingjun; stabilizing the throne. Shi Zi: refers to Shi Que. (21) Jing: The princes met with the emperor. (22) Chao Chen: Chao Chen Huan Gong. Envoy request: Please ask Chen Zhengong to request the king of Zhou. (23) Such as: go, go. (24)褊(biao) small: narrow. (25) Mao: old. People who are eighty or ninety years old are called old people. (26) Come (li): Come. (27) Youzai: official name. Ugly: a person’s name. Pu: The place name of Chen State. (28) Zai: retainer. Ru (niu) sheep shoulder: a person's name. (29)With: participation, together.
【译文】
【Translation】
卫庄公娶了齐国太子得臣的妹妹为妻，名叫庄姜。庄姜长得 很美，但没有生孩子，卫国人给她作了一首诗叫《硕人》。后来卫 庄公又娶了一个陈国女子，名叫厉妫。厉妫生下孝伯，孝伯早死。 厉仍随嫁的妹妹戴妫生了卫桓公。庄姜把柜公当作自己的儿子对待。
Duke Zhuang of Wei married the sister of Dechen, the crown prince of Qi, named Zhuang Jiang. Zhuang Jiang was very beautiful, but she had no children. The people of Wei wrote a poem for her called "Shuo Ren". Later, Duke Zhuang of Wei married a woman from Chen State named Li Gui. Li Gui gave birth to Xiaobo, who died early. Li still married his sister Dai Gui and gave birth to Duke Huan of Wei. Zhuang Jiang treated the cabinet master as his own son.
公子州吁是庄公宠妾的儿子，受到庄公宠爱，喜好武事，庄 公子加禁止。庄姜则讨厌州吁。大夫石碏劝庄公说：“我听说疼爱 孩子应当用正道去教导他，不能使他走上邪路。骄横、奢侈、淫 乱、放纵是导致邪恶的原因。这四种恶习的产生，是给他的宠爱 和俸禄过了头。如果想立州吁为太子，就确定下来；如果定不下 来，就会酿成祸乱。受宠而不骄横，骄横而能安于下位，地位在 下而不怨恨，怨恨而能克制的人，是很少的。况且低贱妨害高贵， 年轻欺凌年长，疏远离间亲近，新人离间旧人，弱小压迫强大，淫 乱破坏道义，这是六件背离道理的事。国君仁义，臣下恭行，为 父慈爱，为子孝顺，为兄爱护，为弟恭敬，这是六件顺理的事。背 离顺理的事而效法违理的事，这就是很快会招致祸害的原因。作 为统治民众的君主，应当尽力除掉祸害，而现在却加速祸害的到 来，这大概是不行的吧？”卫庄公不听劝告。石碏的儿子石厚与州 吁交往，石碏禁止，但禁止不住。到卫桓公当国君时，石碏就告 老退休了。
Prince Zhouxu was the son of Duke Zhuang's concubine. He was favored by Duke Zhuang and liked martial arts, but Duke Zhuang prohibited him from doing so. Zhuang Jiang hated Zhouxu. The doctor Shi Que advised Duke Zhuang: "I heard that if you love a child, you should teach him the right way and not lead him to go astray. Arrogance, luxury, promiscuity, and indulgence are the causes of evil. These four bad habits arise because of his excessive favor and salary. If you want to make Zhouxu the prince, make sure it is established; if not, it will lead to disaster. Be favored but not arrogant, and be arrogant and able to be content with the lower position, and the status is There are very few people who are humble but can restrain their dignity. The young bully the old, alienate the old, the new alienate the old, the weak oppress the strong, and sexual immorality destroys morality. These are the six things that violate the truth. The king is benevolent, his subjects are respectful, he is kind to his father, he is filial to his son, he cares for his brother, and he is respectful to his younger brother. These are the six things that go against the law. Leaving what is reasonable and following what is unreasonable will soon lead to disaster. As a ruler who governs the people, he should try his best to get rid of the disaster, but now it is hastening the arrival of disaster. This is probably not possible, right?" Duke Zhuang of Wei did not listen to the advice. Shi Que's son, Shi Hou, had a relationship with Zhou Xu. Shi Que prohibited it, but he couldn't stop it. When Duke Huan of Wei became king, Shi Que retired.
鲁隐公四年的春天，卫国的州吁杀了卫桓公，自己当上了国君。
In the spring of the fourth year of Duke Yin of Lu, Zhouxu of Wei killed Duke Huan of Wei and became the king himself.
州吁无法安定卫国的民心，于是石厚便向石碏请教安定君位 的方法。石碏说“能朝见周天子，君位就能安定了。”石厚问； “怎么才能朝见周天子呢？”石能答道“陈桓公现在正受周天子宠 信，陈国和卫国的关系又和睦，如果去朝见陈桓公，求他向周天 子请命，就一定能办到。”石厚跟随州吁去到陈国。石碏派人告诉 陈国说；“卫国地方狭小，我年纪老迈，没有什么作为了。来的那 两个人正是杀害我们国君的凶手，敢请趁机设法处置他们。”陈国 人将州吁和石厚抓住，并到卫国请人来处置。这年九月，卫国派 遣右宰丑前去，在濮地杀了州吁。石碏又派自己的家臣懦羊肩前 去，在陈国杀了石厚。
Zhouxu could not stabilize the people of Weiguo, so Shi Hou asked Shi Que for advice on how to stabilize the throne. Shi Jue said, "If you can meet the Emperor of Zhou, your throne will be stable." Shi Hou asked, "How can you meet the Emperor of Zhou?" Shi Neng replied, "Chen Huan Gong is now favored by the Emperor of Zhou, and the relationship between Chen and Wei is harmonious. If you go to see Chen Huan Gong and ask him to ask for orders from the Emperor of Zhou, you will definitely be able to do it." Shi Hou followed Zhou Xu to the Chen State. Shi Jue sent someone to tell Chen Guo: "Weiguo is a small place and I am old and have nothing to do anymore. Those two people who came here are the murderers of our monarch. Please take the opportunity to deal with them." The Chen people captured Zhou Xu and Shi Hou and went to Weiguo to ask someone to deal with them. In September of this year, Weiguo sent You Zai Chou to kill Zhouxu in Pudi. Shi Jue then sent his retainer Cowardly Yangjian to kill Shi Hou in the state of Chen.
君子说；“石碏真是一位纯粹正直的巨子。他痛恨州吁，把石厚也一起杀了。‘大义灭亲’，大概就是说的这种事情吧！”
The gentleman said: "Shi Que is really a pure and upright man. He hated Zhou Xu and killed Shi Hou too. 'Justice destroys relatives', this is probably what they say!"
【读解】
【Interpretation】
有句俗话说；“虎毒不食子。”这意思是说，猛虎性情虽然凶 残，但依然要恪守亲情的界限；凶残是对外。而对自己的亲生骨 肉，却以慈爱之心相待，绝不可能将其化为腹中餐。 爱 老虎这样做，是动物的天性，没什么可说的。对人而言，人 做事也要按天性，亲情是人之天性所不能免的，父母儿女之间的 亲情，是自然的法则。世上哪有不疼爱自己亲生骨肉的父母呢？如 果说人性这东西也存在的话，父母儿女间的亲情就应当属于人性 之列；如果说人性是永恒的话，这种亲情也是永恒的，否则，便 是丧失了人性，丧失了天良，就不应当再冠之以“人”这个称呼了。
There is a saying: "Tiger poison cannot eat its seeds." This means that although a tiger has a ferocious temperament, it still has to abide by the boundaries of family ties; its ferocity is external. But if you treat your own flesh and blood with love, you will never turn them into food. It is the nature of animals to love tigers. There is nothing to say. For people, people should do things according to their nature. Family affection is inevitable in human nature. The affection between parents and children is a law of nature. How can there be parents in the world who don’t love their own flesh and blood? If human nature exists, the family affection between parents and children should belong to human nature; if human nature is eternal, this kind of family affection is also eternal. Otherwise, we have lost our humanity and conscience, and we should no longer be called "human".
在另一方面，人作为超越了动物本能的有思想、有理性的存 在，又不能完全凭本性、天性、本能行事；还得要服从社会的法 则。道德伦理的法则，理性的法则。自然的法则还得要服从社会 的、道德的、理性的法则。如果没有这一个方面，人也就与其他 动物没有什么区别了。
On the other hand, as a thoughtful and rational being that transcends animal instincts, humans cannot act entirely based on their nature, instinct, and instinct; they must also obey the laws of society. The laws of morality and ethics, the laws of reason. Natural laws must also obey social, moral, and rational laws. Without this aspect, humans would be no different from other animals.
这样一来，天性和自然法则往往要同社会的、道德的、理性 的法则发生冲突，并且经常是不可避免的；必须面对的、必须作 出选择。所谓“大义灭亲”，正是这种冲突的体现，是选择让天性 服从社会、道德、理性法则的结果。
In this way, nature and natural laws often conflict with social, moral, and rational laws, and this is often unavoidable; they must be faced and choices must be made. The so-called "righteousness destroys relatives" is the embodiment of this conflict and the result of choosing to obey the laws of society, morality and rationality by nature.
要做到这一点，要有很高的革命觉悟和革命自觉性；要有很 高的道德修养和很强的理性力量。大多数人都难以做到，否则，大 义灭亲就不是值得称赞的一种高尚美德了。人们大多难以割舍亲 情，难以脱出天性这条强大的纽带，常常宁可让社会、道德、理 性法则屈从于天性和自然法则。这样，像石碏那样的人，就显出 了与众不同，显出了伟大和高尚，让人景仰。
To achieve this, we must have a high level of revolutionary consciousness and revolutionary consciousness; we must have a high level of moral cultivation and strong rational power. It is difficult for most people to do it, otherwise, killing relatives for justice would not be a noble virtue worthy of praise. Most people find it difficult to let go of family ties and escape from the powerful bond of nature. They often prefer to subordinate social, moral, and rational laws to nature and natural laws. In this way, people like Shi Que show their uniqueness, greatness and nobility, and are admired by others.
不过，能够大义灭亲是一回事，固然可敬，而对那个“义”还得讲究。就是说，“义”所代表的东西，要值得人们为之付出灭亲 的代价。在古时，臣軾君、子杀父、妻害夫，都是大逆不道的 “大不义”。国君是上天之子，体现了上天和神明的意志，是小民 百姓最初的父母，怎么可以随随便便冒犯甚至杀害呢？这罪过比 杀害自己的亲生父母还要大，真称得上是“弥天大罪”。在这种情 况下的灭亲是理所当然的正义之举，可歌可颂。
However, it is one thing to be able to exterminate relatives in a righteous manner, which is certainly respectable, but one must pay attention to that "righteousness". That is to say, what "righteousness" represents must be worth the price people pay for it. In ancient times, the minister Shi Jun, the son killing the father, the wife harming the husband, were all treason and "great injustice". The king is the son of God, embodies the will of God and the gods, and is the first parent of the common people. How can he casually offend or even kill him? This crime is greater than killing one's biological parents, and it can truly be called a "heinous crime." In this case, annihilation of relatives is a natural and just act, which is praiseworthy.
“义”本身的内容是随着时代、观念的变化而不断变化的。过 去的为合乎“义”的东西，今天未必合乎“义”。我们总是站在今 天的立场上来决定对“义”的取舍，从而在行动上作出选择。
The content of "righteousness" itself is constantly changing with the changes of times and concepts. What was in line with "righteousness" in the past may not be in line with "righteousness" today. We always decide whether to choose "righteousness" from today's standpoint, and then make choices in actions.
