正文 卷七  晋公子重耳之亡(僖公二十三年)——磨难是一笔财富

类别:史部 作者:左丘明 书名:春秋左传

    【原文】
【Original text】

    晋公子重耳之及于难也(1)。晋人伐诸蒲城,蒲城人欲战,重耳不可,曰:“保君父之命而享其生禄(2),于是乎得人。有人而校(3), 罪莫大焉。吾其奔也。”遂奔狄。从者狐偃、赵衰、颠颉、魏武子、 司空季子(4)。
Jin Gongzi's Chonger is also in trouble (1). The people of Jin attacked Pucheng, but the people of Pucheng wanted to fight, but Chong'er couldn't do it. They said: "I protect the emperor and father's life and enjoy his life and salary (2), so I almost got someone. If someone comes to school (3), it is a great crime. I will run away." So he ran to Di. The followers were Hu Yan, Zhao Shui, Dianjie, Wei Wuzi, and Sikong Jizi (4).

    狄人伐唐咎如(5),获其二女叔隗、季隗,纳诸公子,公于取季隗,生伯俦、叔刘(6)以叔隗妻赵衰(7),生盾。将适齐(8),渭季隗曰: “待我二十五年,不来而后嫁。”对曰:“我二十五年矣,又如是而嫁,则就木焉(9)。请待子。”处狄十二年而行(10)。
When the people of Di attacked Tang Jiuru (5), they captured their two daughters, Shu Wei and Ji Wei, and accepted all the young masters. The Duke took Ji Wei and gave birth to Bo Chou and Shu Liu (6). With Shu Wei's wife Zhao Shui (7), he gave birth to a shield. When the marriage was about to begin (8), Weiji Wei said: "Wait for me for twenty-five years, and then I will get married if I don't come." He said to him: "I have been for twenty-five years, and if I marry like this, I will be dead (9). Please wait for me." He left in the twelfth year of Chu Di (10).

    过卫,卫文公不礼焉。出于五鹿(11),乞食于野人(12),野人与之块。公子怒,欲鞭之。子犯曰:“天赐也!”稽首受而载之。
If you pass the Wei, Duke Wen of Wei will be rude. Out of the Five Deer (11), begging for food from the savage (12), the savage fights with him. The young master was angry and wanted to whip him. Zifu said: "It's a gift from God!" Jishou accepted it and carried it.

    及齐,齐桓公妻之,有马二十乘(13)。公子安之。从者以为不可, 将行,谋于桑下。蚕妾在其上(14),以告姜氏(15)。姜氏杀之,而谓公 子曰:“子有四方之志,其闻之者,吾杀之矣。”公子曰:“无之。” 姜曰:“行也!怀与安,实败名。”公子不可。姜与子犯谋,醉而 遣之(16)。醒,以戈逐子犯。
When he arrived at Qi, his wife, Duke Huan of Qi, had twenty horses (13). The young master is safe. The follower thought it was impossible, so he planned to do it under the mulberry tree. Silkworm concubine is on it (14) to tell Jiang family (15). The Jiang family killed him, and said to the young master: "You have ambitions from all directions. If you hear about them, I will kill them." The young master said: "There is no such thing." Jiang said: "Go! If you are pregnant with peace, your reputation will be ruined." Young master can't do it. Jiang and Zi committed a conspiracy and sent him away drunk (16). Wake up and drive away the criminals with a gun.

    及曹(17),曹共公闻其骈胁(18),欲观其裸。浴,薄而观之(19)僖负羁之妻曰(20):“吾观晋公子之从者,皆足以相国。若以相,夫子必反其国。反其国,必得志于诸侯。得志于诸候而诛无礼,曹其首也。于盍蚤自贰焉(21)”乃馈盘飨,置壁焉(22)。公子受飨反璧。
As for Cao (17), Cao Gonggong heard about his threats (18) and wanted to see his naked body. Bath, thin and observe (19) Xi negative Ji's wife said (20): "I observe that all the followers of the Master of Jin are qualified to minister to the country. If you do so, the master will rebel against his country. If he rebels against his country, he will be determined by the princes. If he is determined by the princes and punishes them for being rude, Cao's leader will do it. When the fleas in Yuu come to their own devices (21)," they serve dishes and place them on the wall (22). The young master was favored and turned against the jade.

    及宋(23),宋襄公赠之以马二十乘。
In the Song Dynasty (23), Song Xianggong gave him twenty horses as a gift.

    及郑,郑文公亦不礼焉叔詹谏曰(24):“臣闻大之所启,人弗及也,晋公子有三焉,天其或者将建诸,君其礼焉!男女同姓,其生不蕃。晋公子,姬出也(25),而至于今,一也。离外之患(26),而天不靖晋国(27),殆将启之,二也。有三士足以上人(28),而从之,三也。 晋、郑同齐(29),其过子弟固将礼焉,况天之所启乎?”弗听。
As for Zheng, Duke Wen of Zheng was also rude to Yan, and his uncle Zhan admonished him (24): "I heard that the great enlightenment was beyond the reach of others. There are three princes in Jin. God may build all the buildings, and the king should be polite! Men and women have the same surname, and their birth is not Fan. Duke of Jin Zi, Ji came out (25), and as of now, the first is. The troubles from outside (26), and the heaven is not calming the Jin Dynasty (27), it is about to start, the second is. There are three people who are good enough (28), and the third is. Jin and Zheng Tongqi (29), their descendants have always been polite, what about the instructions of heaven? "Don't listen.

    及楚,楚子飨之(30),曰:“公子若反晋国,则何以报不谷?”对曰:“子女玉帛,则君有之;羽毛齿革,则君地生焉。其波及晋国 者(31),君之余也。其何以报君?”曰:“虽然,何以报我?“对曰: “若以君之灵,得反晋国,晋楚治兵(32),遇于中原,其辟君三舍(33)。 若不获命,其左执鞭弭(34),右属藁踺(35),以与君周旋。”子玉请杀之(36)。楚子曰:“晋公子广而俭,文而有礼。其从者肃而宽,忠而能力。 晋侯无亲(37),外内恶之。吾闻姬姓唐叔之后,其后衰者也(38),其将晋公子乎!天将兴之,谁能废之?违天,必有大咎。”乃送诸 秦。
When it comes to Chu, Chu Zi ate it (30) and said: "If you rebel against the Jin state, how can you repay the king?" He said to him: "If you have children with jade and silk, the king will have them; if you have feathers, teeth and leather, the king will be born. If it affects the Jin state (31), it will be the rest of the king. How can you repay the king?" He said: "Of course, how can you repay me?" He said: "If you use your spirit to rebel against the Jin State, Jin and Chu will organize their troops (32), and when they meet in the Central Plains, they will defeat the king three times (33). If he is not ordered to do so, he will hold a whip on his left (34) and Gao Yu (35) on his right to deal with the king." Ziyu asked to kill him (36). Chuzi said: "The prince of Jin is generous and frugal, literary and courteous. His followers are solemn and tolerant, loyal and capable. The marquis of Jin has no relatives (37), and he is hated both externally and internally. I heard that after Ji's surname is Tang Shu, the descendants will also be in decline (38). He will be the prince of Jin! Who can depose him if he is promoted by heaven? If he violates heaven, there will be a big fault." He sent it to the Qin Dynasty.

    秦伯纳女五人(39),怀嬴与焉(40)。奉匾沃盥(41),既而挥之。怒,曰:“秦晋,匹也,何以卑我?” 公子惧,降服而囚(42)。
Qin Bernard has five women (39), and is pregnant with Ying and Yan (40). The plaque is attached to the toilet (41) and then waved. Angry, he said: "Qin and Jin are equals, why should they belittle me?" The young master was afraid, so he surrendered and was imprisoned (42).

    他日,公享之(43),子犯曰:“吾不如衰之文也(44),请使衰从。”公 子赋《河水》,公赋《六月》(45)。赵衰曰:“重耳拜赐!”
In the future, when the public enjoys it (43), Zifu said: "I am not as good as Shai Zhiwen (44), so please let Shai follow." The prince wrote "River Water" and the public wrote "June" (45). Zhao Shuai said: "Thank you, Chong'er!"

    公子降,拜,稽首。公降一级而辞焉。衰曰:“君称所以佐天子者命重耳,重耳敢不拜?”
The young master descends, bows, and bows his head. The public was demoted one level and resigned. Shui said: "You call me the one who serves the emperor, Chong'er. How dare you not worship Chong'er?"

    【注释】
【Note】

    (1)及于难:遇到危难。(2)保:依仗,依靠。(3)校(jiao):同 “较”,较量。(4)狐偃:重耳的舅父,又称子犯,舅犯。赵衰:晋国大夫, 字子余,重耳的主要谋士。颠颉:晋国大夫。魏武子:魏诌(chou),晋国大 夫 。司空季子:名胥臣,晋国大夫。(5)唐咎(qianggao)如:部族名,狄 族的别种,隗姓。(6)俦:读chou。(7)妻:嫁给。(8)适:去,往。 (9)就木:进棺材。(10)处狄:住在狄国。(11)五鹿:卫国地名,在 今河南濮阳县南。(12)野人,指农夫。(13)乘:古时用四匹马驾一乘车, 二十乘即八十匹马。(14)蚕妾:养蚕的女奴。(15)姜氏:重耳在齐国娶 的妻子。齐是姜姓国,所以称姜氏。(16)遣:送。(17)曹:诸侯国名,姬 姓,在今山东定陶县西南。(18)骈(pian):并排。胁:胸部的两侧。 (19)薄:逼近。(20)僖负羁:曹国大夫。(21)蚤:同“早”。贰:不一致。(22)盘飨(sun):一盘饭。置壁焉:将宝玉藏在饭中。(23)宋:诸侯国 名,子姓,在今河南商丘。(24)叔詹:郑国大夫。(25)姬出:姬姓父母 所生,因重耳父母都姓姬。(26)离:同“罹”(li),遭受。(27)靖:安定。(28)三士:指狐偃、赵衰、贾佗。(29)齐(chai):类,等。(30)楚子:指楚成王,飨(xiang):设酒宴款待。(31)波及:流散到。(32)治兵:演练军队。(33)辟:同“避”。舍:古时行军走三十里就休息,所以一舍为三 十里。(34)弭:弓梢。(35)属(zhu):佩带。藁:箭袋。踺: (jian):弓套。(36)子玉:楚国令尹。(37)晋侯:指晋惠公夷吾。(38) 后衰:衰落得最迟。(39)秦伯:指秦穆公。纳女五人:送给重耳五个女子 为姬妾。(40)怀嬴:秦穆公的女儿。(41)奉:同“捧”。匾(yi):洗手 注水的用具。沃:淋水。盥,洗手。(42)降服:解去衣冠。(43)享:用 酒食宴请。(44)文:言辞的文彩,指擅长辞令。(45)《河水》:诗名,已 失传,《六月》:《诗•小雅》中的一篇。
(1) In trouble: Encountering danger. (2) Bao: rely on, rely on. (3) School (jiao): same as "competition", competition. (4) Hu Yan: Chong'er's uncle, also known as Zifei and Jifu. Zhao Shui: a senior official of the Jin Dynasty, named Ziyu, Chong'er's main adviser. Dianjie: A senior official of the Jin Dynasty. Wei Wuzi: Wei Zhao (chou), a senior official of the Jin Dynasty. Sikong Jizi: named Xuchen, a senior official of the Jin Dynasty. (5) Tang Jiu (qianggao) such as: tribe name, another species of Di tribe, surname Wei. (6) 俦: Read chou. (7) Wife: Marry. (8) Suitable: go, go. (9) Die: Enter the coffin. (10) Chu Di: Live in Di country. (11) Wulu: The place name of Weiguo, in the south of Puyang County in present-day Henan. (12) Savage refers to a farmer. (13) Riding: In ancient times, four horses were used to drive a carriage, and twenty horses equaled eighty horses. (14) Silkworm concubine: a female slave who raises silkworms. (15) Jiang: The wife Chong'er married in Qi. Qi is a country with the surname Jiang, so it is called the Jiang family. (16) Send: send. (17) Cao: The name of the vassal country, with the surname Ji, in the southwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province. (18) Pian: side by side. Sides: Both sides of the chest. (19) Thin: Approximation. (20) Xi negative Ji: Doctor of Cao State. (21) Flea: Same as "Morning". 2: Inconsistent. (22) Panxia (sun): a plate of rice. Zhibiyan: Hide the precious jade in the rice. (23) Song Dynasty: The name of the vassal state and the surname of the son, in today's Shangqiu, Henan. (24) Shu Zhan: Doctor Zheng Guo. (25) Ji Chu: Born to parents surnamed Ji, because both Chong'er's parents were surnamed Ji. (26) Li: Same as "絹" (li), suffer. (27) Jing: Stability. (28) Three Scholars: Refers to Hu Yan, Zhao Shui, and Jia Tuo. (29) Qi (chai): class, etc. (30) Chuzi: refers to King Cheng of Chu, Xiang (xiang): holds a banquet to entertain. (31) Spread: spread to. (32) Military management: drill the army. (33) Pi: Same as "avoid". House: In ancient times, armies rested after marching for thirty miles, so one house was thirty miles. (34) Mi: Bow tip. (35) Genus (zhu): wear. Gao: quiver. Jian: (jian): bow set. (36) Ziyu: Ling Yin of Chu State. (37) Jinhou: refers to Jin Huigong Yiwu. (38) Late decline: Decline the latest. (39) Uncle Qin: refers to Duke Mu of Qin. Accept five women: Give five women to Chong'er as concubines. (40) Huaiying: The daughter of Duke Mu of Qin. (41) Feng: Same as "peng". Plaque (yi): Utensil for washing hands and filling with water. Wo: Pour water. Toilet, wash hands. (42) Surrender: take off your clothes. (43) Enjoy: feast with wine and food. (44) Wen: The literary talent of speech refers to being good at rhetoric. (45) "River Water": the name of the poem has been lost. "June": an article in "Poetry·Xiaoya".

    【译文】
【Translation】

    晋国的公子重耳遭受危难的时候,晋国军队到蒲城去讨伐他。 蒲城人打算抵抗,重耳不同意,说:“我依靠君父的命令享有养生 的俸禄,得到所属百性的拥护。有了百姓拥护就同君父较量起来, 没有比这更大的罪过了。我还是逃走吧!”于是重耳逃到了狄国。 同他一块儿出逃的人有狐偃、赵衰、颠颉、魏武子和司空季子。
When Chong'er, the prince of Jin State, was in danger, the Jin army went to Pucheng to attack him. The people of Pucheng planned to resist, but Chong'er disagreed and said: "I rely on the king's father's orders to enjoy a living salary and the support of the people. If I have the support of the people, I will compete with the king's father. There is no greater crime than this. I'd better run away!" So Chong'er fled to the state of Di. The people who fled with him were Hu Yan, Zhao Shui, Dianjie, Wei Wuzi and Sikong Jizi.

    狄国人攻打一个叫唐咎如的部落,俘获了君长的两个女儿叔隗和季隗,把她们送给了公子重耳。重耳娶了季魄,生下伯俦和 叔刘。他把叔隗给了赵衰做妻子,生下赵盾。重耳想到齐国去,对 季魄说:“等我二十五年,我不回来,你再改嫁。”季隗回答说: “我已经二十五岁了,再过二十五年改嫁,就该进棺材了。还是让 我等您吧。”重耳在狄国住了十二年才离开。
The people of Di State attacked a tribe named Tang Jiuru and captured the emperor's two daughters, Shu Wei and Ji Wei, and gave them to the prince Chong'er. Chong'er married Ji Po and gave birth to Bochuan and Uncle Liu. He gave Shu Wei to Zhao Shui as his wife and gave birth to Zhao Dun. Chong'er wanted to go to the state of Qi and said to Ji Po, "Wait for me for twenty-five years. If I don't come back, you can remarry." Ji Kui replied: "I am already twenty-five years old. If I remarry in another twenty-five years, I will be in a coffin. Let me wait for you." Chong'er stayed in the state of Di for twelve years before leaving.

    重耳经过卫国,卫文公子不依礼待他。重耳走到五鹿,向乡 下人讨饭吃,乡下人给了他一块泥土。重耳大怒,想用鞭子抽他。 狐偃说:“这是上大的恩赐。重耳叩头表示感谢,把泥块接过来 放到了车上。
When Chong'er passed by the state of Wei, Prince Wen of Wei treated him disrespectfully. Chong'er went to Wulu and begged for food from the country people. The country people gave him a piece of soil. Chong'er was furious and wanted to whip him. Hu Yan said: "This is a great gift." Chong'er kowtowed to express his gratitude, took the mud and put it on the cart.

    重耳到了齐国,齐桓公给他娶了个妻子,还给了他八十匹马。 重耳对这种生活很满足,但随行的人认为不应这样呆下去,想去别的地方,便在桑树下商量这件事。有个养蚕的女奴正在桑树上, 回去把听到的话报告了重耳的妻子姜氏。姜氏把女奴杀了,对重耳说:“你有远行四方的打算吧,偷听到这件事的人,我已经把她 杀了。”重耳说:“没有这回事。”姜氏说:“你走吧,怀恋妻子和 安于现状,会毁坏你的功名。”重耳不肯走。姜氏与狐偃商量,用 酒把重耳灌醉,然后把他送出了齐国,重耳酒醒之后,拿起戈就 去追击狐偃。
When Chong'er arrived in Qi, Duke Huan of Qi married him a wife and gave him eighty horses. Chong'er was very satisfied with this kind of life, but the people accompanying him thought that he should not stay like this and wanted to go somewhere else, so they discussed the matter under the mulberry tree. A slave girl who was raising silkworms was sitting on a mulberry tree. She went back and reported what she heard to Chong'er's wife, Mrs. Jiang. Jiang killed the slave girl and said to Chong'er: "You have plans to travel far and wide. I have killed anyone who overheard this." Chong'er said: "There is no such thing." Jiang said: "You go, missing your wife and being content with the status quo will destroy your reputation." Chong'er refused to leave. Jiang discussed with Hu Yan, got Chong'er drunk with wine, and then sent him out of Qi. After Chong'er sobered up, he picked up his gun and went after Hu Yan.

    到了曹国,曹共公听说重耳的肋骨长得连在一起,想看看他 的裸体。重耳洗澡时,曹共公走近了去看他的肋骨。曹国大夫僖 负羁的妻子对她丈夫说:“我看晋国公子的随从人员,都定以担当 治国的大任。如果让他们辅佐公子,公子一定能回到晋国当国君。 回到晋国当国君后,一定能在诸侯中称霸。在诸侯中称霸而讨伐 对他无礼的国家,曹国恐怕就是头一个。你为什么不趁早向他表 示自己对他与曹君不同呢?”于是僖负羁就给重耳送去了一盘饭, 在饭中藏了一块宝玉。重耳接受了饭食,将宝玉退还了。
When they arrived in Cao State, Duke Cao heard that Chong'er's ribs were connected together and wanted to see his naked body. While Chong'er was taking a bath, Mr. Cao came closer to look at his ribs. The restrained wife of Cao Guo's official Xi said to her husband: "I think the entourage of the young master of Jin is determined to take on the important task of governing the country. If they are allowed to assist the young master, he will definitely be able to return to Jin and become the king. After returning to Jin and becoming the king, he will definitely dominate among the princes. I am afraid that Cao will be the first to dominate among the princes and attack the country that is rude to him. Why don't you express your gratitude to him as soon as possible. To show that he is different from Cao Jun?" So Xi Fuji gave Chong'er a plate of rice and hid a piece of jade in the rice. Chong'er accepted the meal and returned the jade.

    到了宋国,宋襄公送给了重耳二十辆马车。
When he arrived in the Song Dynasty, Song Xianggong gave Chong'er twenty carriages.

    到了郑国,郑文公也不依礼接待重耳。大夫叔詹劝郑文公说: “臣下听说上天所赞助的人,其他人是赶不上的。晋国公子有三件 不同寻常的事,或许上天要立他为国君,您还是依礼款待他吧!同 姓的男女结婚,按说子孙后代不能昌盛。晋公子重耳的父母都姓 姬,他一直活到今天,这是第一件不同寻常的事。遭到流亡在国 外的灾难,上天却不让晋国安定下来,大概是要为他开出一条路 吧,这是第二件不同寻常的事。有三位才智过人的贤士跟随他,这 是第三件不同寻常的事。晋国和郑国是同等的国家,晋国子弟路 过郑国,本来应该以礼相待,何况晋公子是上天所赞助的人呢?” 郑文公没有听从叔詹的劝告。
When he arrived in the state of Zheng, Duke Wen of Zheng did not receive Chong'er according to the courtesy. Uncle Zhan, the doctor, advised Duke Wen of Zheng, "I heard that no one else can match the people who are sponsored by God. There are three unusual things about the prince of Jin. Maybe God wants to make him a king. You should treat him according to the etiquette! If a man and woman with the same surname get married, it is said that future generations will not be prosperous. The parents of Prince Chong'er of Jin are both surnamed Ji. He has lived to this day. This is the first unusual thing. He was exiled in the country. Despite the external disaster, God did not allow Jin to settle down, probably because he wanted to make a way for him. This is the second unusual thing. Three wise men of extraordinary ability followed him. This is the third unusual thing. Jin and Zheng are equal countries. The children of Jin should treat each other with courtesy when they pass by Zheng. What's more, Jin Gongzi is a person sponsored by God?" Zheng Wengong did not listen to Uncle Zhan's advice.

    到了楚国,楚成王设宴款待重耳,并问道:‘如果公子返回晋 国,拿什么来报答我呢?”重耳回答说:“美女。宝玉和丝绸您都 有了;鸟羽、兽毛、象牙和皮革,都是贵国的特产。那些流散到 晋国的,都是您剩下的。我拿什么来报答您呢?”楚成王说:“尽 管如此,总得拿什么来报答我吧?”重耳回答说:“如果托您的福, 我能返回晋国,一旦晋国和楚国交战,双方军队在中原碰上了,我 就让晋军退避九十里地。如果得不到您退兵的命令,我就只好左 手拿着马鞭和弓梢,右边挂着箭袋和弓套奉陪您较量一番。”楚国 大夫子玉请求成王杀掉公子重耳。楚成王说:“晋公子志向远大而 生活俭朴,言辞文雅而合乎礼仪。他的随从态度恭敬而待人宽厚, 忠诚而尽力。现在晋惠公没有亲近的人,国内外的人都憎恨他。我 听说姓姬的一族中,唐叔的一支是衰落得最迟的,恐怕要靠晋公 子来振兴吧?上天要让他兴盛,谁又能废除他呢?违背天意,必 定会遭大祸。”于是楚成王就派人把重耳送去了秦国。
When he arrived in the state of Chu, King Chu Cheng held a banquet in honor of Chong'er and asked, "If the young master returns to the state of Jin, what will you give me in return?" Chong'er replied: "Beauty." You have precious jade and silk; bird feathers, animal hair, ivory and leather are all specialties of your country. Those who dispersed to Jin are what you have left. What can I do to repay you? King Chu Cheng said: "Even so, you have to give me something to repay me, right?" Chong'er replied: "With your blessing, I can return to the state of Jin. Once there is a war between the state of Jin and the state of Chu, and the armies of the two sides meet in the Central Plains, I will ask the Jin army to retreat for ninety miles." If I don't get your order to retreat, I will have no choice but to hold the riding crop and bow tip in my left hand, and the quiver and bow sheath on my right hand to compete with you. "Ziyu, an official of Chu State, asked King Cheng to kill the young master Chong'er. King Cheng of Chu said: "Young Master Jin has great ambitions, lives a frugal life, and speaks elegantly and in line with etiquette. His followers are respectful and generous, loyal and try their best. Now Jin Hui Gong has no one close to him, and people at home and abroad hate him. I heard that among the clans surnamed Ji, Uncle Tang's clan was the last to decline. I'm afraid it depends on Mr. Jin to revitalize it, right? God wants him to prosper, but who can destroy him? Disobeying God's will will definitely lead to disaster. "So King Chu Cheng sent someone to send Chong'er to Qin.

    秦穆公把五个女子送给重耳作姬妾,秦穆公的女儿怀嬴也在其中,有一次,怀嬴捧着盛水的器具让重耳洗手,重耳洗完便挥 手让怀嬴走开。怀赢生气地说:“秦国和晋国是同等的,你为什么 瞧不起我?”公子重耳害怕了,脱去衣服把自己关起来表示谢罪。
Duke Mu of Qin gave five girls to Chong'er as concubines, and Duke Mu of Qin's daughter Huai Ying was among them. Once, Huai Ying held a vessel filled with water and asked Chong'er to wash his hands. After Chong'er finished washing, he waved Huai Ying away. Huaiying said angrily: "Qin and Jin are equal, why do you look down on me?" "Master Chong'er was frightened, took off his clothes and locked himself up to express his apology.

    又有一天,秦穆公宴请重耳。狐偃说:“我比不上赵衰那样擅长辞令,让赵衰陪你去吧。”在宴会上,公子重耳作了一首《河 水》诗,秦穆公作了《六月》这首诗。赵衰说:“重耳拜谢君王恩 赐!”公子重耳走下台阶,拜谢,叩头。秦穆公也走下一级台阶表示不敢接受叩谢的大礼。赵衰说:“君王提出要重耳担当辅佐周 天子使命,重耳怎么敢不拜谢?”
Another day, Duke Mu of Qin hosted a banquet for Chong'er. Hu Yan said: "I am not as good at rhetoric as Zhao Shui, so let Zhao Shui accompany you. "At the banquet, Prince Chong'er composed a poem "River Water", and Duke Mu of Qin composed a poem "June". Zhao Shui said: "Chong'er thanks the king for his gift! Prince Chong'er walked down the steps, thanked him, and kowtowed. Duke Mu of Qin also walked down a step and expressed that he did not dare to accept the gift of thanks. Zhao Shui said: "The king asked Chong'er to take on the mission of assisting the emperor of Zhou. How dare Chong'er not to thank him?" "

    【读解】
【Interpretation】

    先贤说过,天将降大任于斯人焉,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨, 历经磨难,才具有担当大任的资历。重耳的经历证明这一说法是 有充分的生活根据的。
The sages have said that when heaven entrusts a person with a great responsibility, he must first work hard on his will, strain his muscles and bones, and go through hardships before he is qualified to take on such a great responsibility. Chong'er's experience proves that this statement has sufficient basis in life.

    重耳由一个贪图享乐、养尊处优的贵族公子哥儿,到后来成为春秋时代显赫一时的霸主,几乎可以说全凭了他在国外流亡19 年的经历中所遭受的磨难。当初大祸临头时的出逃,是迫不得已而为之。流亡中的屈辱、困苦、安乐的体验,使他明白了身在宫廷、耽于逸乐所不可能明白的人生真谛,在身、心两方面受到陶冶和磨炼。
Chong'er went from being a hedonistic and pampered aristocratic son to becoming a prominent overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. It can be said that it was all due to the hardships he suffered during his 19 years of exile abroad. When the disaster was imminent, he fled out of necessity. The experience of humiliation, hardship, and happiness in exile made him understand the true meaning of life that was impossible to understand when he was in the palace and indulged in leisure. He was cultivated and tempered both physically and mentally.

    人们注意到的,往往是开头和结果,从外出逃亡的灾祸,到 成为霸王的荣耀显赫,让人感叹的是命运的沧海桑田的巨变,这 似乎在证明着老子所说的“祸兮福所依,福兮祸所伏”这对立两 端戏剧性的变化,给人的命运无常的幻觉,以及人不能把握自己 的命运的感慨。
What people notice is often the beginning and the end, from the disaster of fleeing to the glory of becoming an overlord. What makes people sigh is the great changes in fate. This seems to prove what Laozi said: "Misfortune comes when blessings depend on it, and blessings come when misfortunes lurk."

    然而,我们却忽视了过程这个巨大的环节。过程是漫长的,实实在在的,局外人可以从旁说大话,评头品足,而过程之中的冷暖甘苦,酸甜苦辣,欢乐忧伤,寂寞仿惶,唯有当事人自己知道, 唯有当事人才有深入骨髓。刻骨铭心的体验。旁观者可以理解,却没有体验,而理解和体验则是完全不可同日而语的两桩事情。无 论从哪种意义上都不可能等量齐观。
However, we have overlooked this huge part of the process. The process is long and real, and outsiders can make big claims and make judgments from the sidelines. However, the ups and downs, ups and downs, joys, sorrows, loneliness and panic in the process are only known to the person involved, and only the person involved can understand it deeply. An unforgettable experience. Bystanders can understand but not experience, and understanding and experience are two completely different things. It is impossible to treat them equally in any sense.

    从最根本的意义上说,生活本身是一个不断流变的过程,重 要的是过程本身,人生的意义也在过程之中,而结果则是次要的。 变化是绝对的,稳定则是相对的,不存在永恒不变的东西,浩瀚 天空之中没有不落的太阳。
In the most fundamental sense, life itself is a constantly changing process. What is important is the process itself. The meaning of life is also in the process, and the results are secondary. Change is absolute, stability is relative. There is no eternal thing, and there is no sun that never sets in the vast sky.

    坎坷、折磨、挫折、不幸、苦难、痛苦、狐独、绝望、屈辱、 失败、恐俱等等,全都构成了过程的内容;没有它们,也就没有 了过程;没有它们,也不会有开始和结果。结果是在过程之中出 现的,而不是在过程之外。
Ups and downs, torture, frustration, misfortune, suffering, pain, loneliness, despair, humiliation, failure, fear, etc., all constitute the content of the process; without them, there would be no process; without them, there would be no beginning and result. Results emerge within the process, not outside it.

    人们完全可以通过主动的选择或被动的接受,来有意识地为 某一结果而奋斗。奋斗就是过程,结果是心中的志向和目标。奋 斗总是有意识的,自觉的,而不是不知不觉的。在奋斗的过程之 中经不起折磨,受不了坎坷,吃不了苦头,忍不住痛苦,耐不 住寂寞,沉溺于安乐,迷恋于幻想,都不可能达到目标,不可能 实现自己的理想。
People can consciously strive for a certain result through active choice or passive acceptance. Struggle is the process, and the result is the ambition and goal in the heart. Struggle is always conscious and conscious, not unconscious. In the process of struggle, if you can't stand the torture, the ups and downs, the hardships, the pain, the loneliness, the addiction to happiness, the obsession with fantasy, it's impossible to achieve your goals or realize your ideals.

    经受过磨难的人,不仅仅懂得生活的真谛以及应当珍惜什么, 而且也懂得为了获取成功,应该怎么去做,懂得如何地主动适应 和应付各种复杂多变的情境,不使自己被情境所左右。
People who have gone through hardships not only understand the true meaning of life and what should be cherished, but also know what to do in order to achieve success. They know how to proactively adapt to and cope with various complex and changeable situations without letting themselves be swayed by the situation.

    在这个过程之中,忍耐是两个具有决定意义的字眼儿。在这方面,先贤们做出过不少示范。比如孔子,他说过“小不忍,则 乱大谋”。他自己为了恢复周代的礼仪制度,不惜“克己”,力求 用自己的行动来实践自己所信奉的理想。比如韩信,他在微贱之时,能够忍受淮阴少年的“胯下之辱”。比如公子重耳,在向农夫讨食时得到的却是土块,能够收鞭息怒,将土块当宝物收起。
In this process, patience are two decisive words. In this regard, the sages have set many examples. For example, Confucius said, "A small impatience will mess up a big plan." In order to restore the etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty, he did not hesitate to "deny himself" and tried to use his own actions to practice the ideals he believed in. For example, Han Xin, when he was humble, could endure the "crotch humiliation" of the Huaiyin boy. For example, Prince Chong'er received clods of soil when he begged farmers for food. He was able to calm down his anger and put away the clods of soil as treasures.

    真正的强者并不一定体现在表面上。真实情况往往是,外表上装模作样,恃才逞强,处处锋芒毕露,时时刻刻咄咄逼人,未必是真的强者,未必能成就大业。能忍受一时的屈辱,是气度博 大、胸襟开阔的表现,这才是能成就大业必须具备的品质。俗话 说宰相肚里能撑船。这话说的就是这个意思。

True strength is not necessarily reflected on the surface. The real situation is often that those who show off on the outside, rely on their talents to show off their strength, show off their sharpness at all times, and are aggressive all the time may not be truly strong and may not be able to achieve great things. Being able to endure temporary humiliation is a sign of broad-mindedness and broad-mindedness. These are the qualities that must be possessed to achieve great things. As the saying goes, the prime minister's belly can support the boat. That's what it means.

如果你对春秋左传有什么建议或者评论,请 点击这里 发表。
重要声明:典籍《春秋左传》所有的文章、图片、评论等,与本站立场无关。