【Original text】
晋灵公不君①：厚敛以雕墙(2);从台上弹人，而观其辟丸也；宰 夫胹熊蹯不熟③，杀之，置诸畚(4)，使妇人载以过朝⑤。赵盾、士季 见其手(6),问其故，而患之。将谏，士季曰：“谏而不入(7)，则莫之 继也。会请先，不入，则子继之。”三进，及溜(8)，而后视之，曰： “吾知所过矣，将改之。”稽首而对曰：“人谁无过？过而能改，善 莫大焉。《诗》曰：‘靡不有初，鲜克有终(9)。’夫如是，则能补过 者鲜矣。君能有终，则社稷之固也，岂惟群臣赖之(10)”。又曰：‘衮 职有阙，惟仲山甫补之(11)。，能补过也。君能补过，衮不废矣(12)。” 犹不改。宣子骤谏(13)，公患之，使鉏麑贼之(14)。晨往，寝门辟 矣(15)，盛服将朝(16)。尚早，坐而假寐(17)。麑退，叹而言曰：“不忘恭 敬，民之主也(18)。贼民之主，不忠；弃君之命，不信。有一于此， 不如死也！”触槐而死。
Duke Linggong of Jin was not a king①: He made a thick wall with carved walls (2); he bounced people off the platform and watched the pills; the butcher was unfamiliar with the beast③, so he killed him and placed the baskets (4) so that the woman could carry him through the court⑤. Zhao Dun and Shi Ji saw his hand (6), asked why, and got worried. When he was about to admonish, Shi Ji said: "If the remonstrance does not go into (7), then there will be no follow-up. If you ask first, if you don't go in, then the son will follow." After entering (8) three times, he then looked at it and said, "I know what I have done wrong, and I will correct it." He looked up and said to him, "Who has no fault? If you can make mistakes, you can do well. Mo Dayan. "Poetry" says: "There is no beginning, and there is no end." If this is the case, then there will be no one who can make up for it. If the king can have an end, the country will be solid, and it cannot be relied on by the officials (10). He also said: ‘There were gaps in Gon’s position, but Zhongshan was the one who made up for it (11). , can make up for it. If you can make up for your mistakes, you will not be abolished (12). " Still did not change. Xuanzi suddenly remonstrated (13), the public was worried about it, and he sent a thief (14). Going in the morning, the door of the sleeping room was opened (15), and he dressed in full clothes and went to court (16). It was still early, and he sat down and pretended to sleep (17). He retreated, sighed and said: "Don't forget to be respectful, you are the lord of the people (18). The leader of thieves and the people is disloyal; the person who abandons the king's orders is disloyal. If you have this, it would be better to die! "Died after touching a locust tree.
秋九月，晋候饮赵盾酒(19),伏甲(20),将攻之。其右提弥明知之(21), 趋登(22)，曰：“臣侍君宴，过三爵(23)，非礼也。”遂扶以下。公嗾夫 獒焉(24)。明搏而杀之。盾曰：“弃人用大，虽猛何为！”斗且出。提 弥明死之(25)。
In the ninth month of autumn, the Marquis of Jin drank Zhao Dun's wine (19), Fu Jia (20), and was about to attack. His right hand, Timi, knew this clearly (21) and went to the summit (22), saying: "It is disrespectful for me to serve the emperor at the banquet and pass the three nobles (23). "Then he helped him down. The male concubine, Mastiff Yan (24), killed him with a clear fight. Dun said: "Abandon the man and use the big one, no matter how fierce it is! "Fight and come out. Ti Mi Ming will die (25).
初，宣子田于首山(26)，舍于翳桑(27)。见灵辄饿(28)，问其病。曰： “不食三日矣！”食之(29)，舍其半。问之。曰：“宦三年矣(30)”，未知母 之存否。今近焉，请以遗之(31)。”使尽之，而为之箪食与肉(32)，置诸 橐以与之(33)。既而与为公介(34)，倒戟以御公徒，而免之。问何故，对 日：“翳桑之饿人也。”间其名居，不告而退。遂自亡也。
At the beginning, Xuan Zitian was in Shoushan (26) and abandoned in Yisang (27). Seeing the spirit being hungry (28), he asked about his illness. He said: "I haven't eaten for three days!" "Eat it (29), and leave half of it. Asked. He said: "I have been in office for three years (30)." I don't know whether the mother is alive. It's close now, so please leave it behind (31)." Make all of it, and make a basket of food and meat for it (32), and put it in a basket (33). After that, he became a public servant (34), and he turned his halberd to defend the public servant and avoid him. When asked why, he said to him, "Yisang is a hungry man." During this time, he stayed in his name and retreated without warning. Then he died by himself.
乙丑，赵穿攻灵公于桃园(35)。宣子未出山而复。大史书曰(36)： “赵盾弑其君。”以示于朝。宣子曰：“不然。”对曰：“子为正卿， 亡不越竟，反不讨贼(37)，非子而谁？”宣子曰：“乌呼(38)!《诗》曰： ‘我之怀矣，自诒伊戚(39)。’其我之谓矣。”
Yichou, Zhao Chuan attacked Linggong in Taoyuan (35). Xuanzi came back before he came out of the mountain. The Great History Book says (36): "Zhao Dun killed his king." This was shown to the court. Xuanzi said: "No." He said to him: "The son is the official minister. If he dies, he will not go beyond the end, but he will not seek the thieves (37). Who is it but the son?"
孔子曰：“董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐(40)。赵宣子，古之良 大夫也，为法受恶(41)。惜也，越竞乃免。”
Confucius said: "Dong Hu is a good historian in ancient times, and his calligraphy is not hidden (40). Zhao Xuanzi is a good doctor in ancient times, and he suffered evil for the sake of the law (41). Cherish it, and the more you compete, the more you will avoid it."
宣子使赵穿逆公子黑臀于周而立之(42)。壬申，朝于武宫(43)。
Xuanzi made Zhao Chuanni and his son black buttocks stand in Zhou Dynasty (42). Renshen, courted at Wugong (43).
【注释】
【Note】
①晋灵公：晋国国君，名夷皋，文公之孙，襄公之子。不君：不行君道。 ②厚敛：加重征收赋税。雕墙：装饰墙壁。这里指修筑豪华宫室，过着 奢侈的生活。 ③宰夫：国君的何师。胹（er）：煮，炖。熊蹯（fan）：熊 掌。 ④畚（ben）：筐篓一类盛物的器具。⑤载：同“戴”，用头顶着。 (6)赵盾：赵衰之子，晋国正卿。士季：士为之孙，晋国大夫，名会。 (7)不入：不采纳，不接受。(8)三进：向前走了三次。及：到。溜：屋 檐下滴水的地方“。 (9)这两句诗出自《诗•大雅•荡》。靡：没有什么。初： 开端。鲜：少。克：能够。终：结束。(10)赖：依靠。 (11)这两句诗出 自《诗•大雅•杰民》。衮（gun）：天子的礼服，借指天子，这里指周宣王。 阙：过失。仲山甫：周宣王的贤臣。(12)衮：指君位。 (13)骤：多次。 (14)鉏麑（chu ni）：晋国力士。贼：刺杀。(15)辟：开着。(16)盛服：穿 戴好上朝的礼服。 (17)假寐：闭目养神，打盹儿。(18)主：主人，靠山。 (19)饮（yin）：给人喝。(20)伏：埋伏。甲：披甲的士兵。(21)右：车 右。提弥明：晋国勇士，赵盾的车右。 (22)趋登：快步上殿堂。(23)三 爵：三巡。爵：古时的酒器。 (24)嗾（sou）：唤狗的声音。獒（ao）：猛犬。(25)死之:为之死。之：指赵盾。(26)田：打猎。首山：首阳山，在今 山西永济东南。 (27)舍，住宿。翳（yi）桑：首山附近的地名。(28)灵 辄：人名，晋国人。 (29)食（si）之：给他东西吃。(30)宦（huan）：给 人当奴仆。 (31)遗（wei）：送给。(32)箪（dan）：盛饭的圆筐。食：饭。 (33)橐（tuo）：两头有口的口袋，用时以绳扎紧。(34)与：参加，介：甲 指甲士。 (35)赵穿：晋国大夫，赵盾的堂兄弟。(36)大史：太史，掌纪 国家大事的史官。这里指晋国史官董狐。书：写。(37)竟：同“境”。贼: 弑君的人，指赵穿。 (38)乌呼：感叹词，同“呜呼”，啊。(39)怀：眷恋。 诒：同‘贻”，留下。伊，语气词。(40)良史：好史官。书法：记事的原则. 隐：隐讳，不直写。 (41)恶：指弑君的恶名，(42)逆：迎，公子黑臀：即 晋成公，文公之子，襄公之弟，名黑臀，(43)武宫：晋武公的宗庙，在曲沃。
① Jin Linggong: The king of Jin State, named Yigao, was the grandson of Duke Wen and the son of Duke Xiang. Not a king: Not a king. ② Thick collection: Increase the collection of taxes. Carved wall: Decorative wall. This refers to building luxurious palaces and living a luxurious life. ③Zaifu: Who is the king’s teacher?胹(er): boil, stew. Xiongqi (fan): bear paw. ④Ben (ben): A utensil for holding things, such as a basket. ⑤Zai: Same as "dai", carried on the head. (6) Zhao Dun: The son of Zhao Shuai, the chief minister of the Jin Dynasty. Shiji: Shiwei's grandson, a high official in the Jin Dynasty, and a famous official. (7) Not to enter: not to adopt, not to accept. (8) Three advances: Move forward three times. And: to. "Liu: The place where water drips under the eaves." (9) These two lines of poetry come from "Poetry·Daya·Dang". Mi: Nothing. Chu: Beginning. Xian: Few. Ke: Able. End: End. (10) Lai: Dependence. (11) These two lines of poetry come from "Poetry·Daya·Jiemin". Gun (gun): The emperor's dress, borrowed from the emperor, here refers to King Zhou Xuan. 阙：过失。仲山甫：周宣王的贤臣。(12)衮：指君位。 (13)骤：多次。 (14)鉏麑（chu ni）：晋国力士。贼：刺杀。(15)辟：开着。(16)盛服：穿 戴好上朝的礼服。 (17)假寐：闭目养神，打盹儿。(18)主：主人，靠山。 (19) Drink (yin): Give someone something to drink. (20) Ambush: A soldier wearing armor. (21) Right: car right. Timi Ming: Jin warrior, Zhao Dun's chariot on the right. (22) Chideng: Go up to the palace quickly. (23) Sanjue: Three rounds. Jue: An ancient wine vessel. (24) Sou: the sound of calling a dog. Mastiff (ao): fierce dog. (25) Die for: die for. It: refers to Zhao Dun. (26) Field: hunting. Shouyang Mountain: Shouyang Mountain, southeast of Yongji, Shanxi today. (27) House, accommodation. Yi (yi) Sang: a place name near Shoushan. (28) Ling Zou: Name of a person, a native of Jin. (29) Food (si): Give him something to eat. (30) Huan: Serving as a slave. (31) Wei (wei): given. (32) Tan (dan): a round basket for serving rice. Food: rice. (33) Tuo: A bag with openings at both ends, tied tightly with a rope when in use. (34) With: participate in, introduce: A nail scholar. (35) Zhao Chuan: A senior official of the Jin Dynasty, Zhao Dun’s cousin. (36) Da Shi: Tai Shi, the historian in charge of national events. This refers to Dong Hu, the historian of Jin Dynasty. write. (37) Jing: Same as "environment". Thief: A person who kills the king refers to Zhao Chuan. (38) Wuhu: an interjection, the same as "wuhu", ah. (39) Huai: nostalgia. Yi: Same as 'Yi', stay. Yi, modal particle. (40) Good history: good historian. Calligraphy: the principle of recording events. Yin: hidden taboo, not written directly. (41) Evil: Refers to the bad reputation of regicide, (42) Ni: Ying, Gongzi Heiyi: That is, Jin Chenggong, the son of Duke Wen, and the younger brother of Xianggong, named Heiyi, (43) Wugong: the ancestral temple of Duke Wu of Jin is in Quwo.
【译文】
【Translation】
晋灵公不遵守做国君的规则，大量征收赋税来满足奢侈的生活。他从高台上用弹弓射行人，观看他们躲避弹丸的样子。厨师 没有把熊掌炖烂，他就把厨师杀了，放在筐里，让官女们用头顶 着经过朝廷。大臣赵盾和士季看见露出的死人手，便询问厨师被 杀的原因，并为晋灵公的无道而忧虑。他们打算规劝晋灵公，士 季说：“如果您去进谏而国君不听，那就没有人能接着进谏了。让 我先去规劝，他不接受，您就接着去劝。”士季去见晋灵公时往前 走了三次，到了屋檐下，晋灵公才抬头看他，并说：“我已经知道 自己的过错了，打算改正。”士季叩头回答说：“哪个人能不犯错 误呢，犯了错误能够改正，没有比这更大的好事了。《诗•大雅， 荡》说：‘事情容易有好开端，但很难有个好结局。’如果这样，那 么弥补过失的人就太少了。您如能始终坚持向善，那么国家就 有了保障，而不止是臣子们有了依靠。《诗•大雅•烝民》又说： ‘天子有了过失，只有仲山甫来弥补。’这是说周宣王能补救过失。 国君能够弥补过失，君位就不会失去了。”
Duke Linggong of Jin did not abide by the rules of being a king and levied a large amount of taxes to satisfy his luxurious life. He shot pedestrians with a slingshot from a high platform and watched them dodge the projectiles. When the cook failed to stew the bear's paws, he killed the cook, put him in a basket, and had the officials carry the bear's paws through the court on their heads. When ministers Zhao Dun and Shi Ji saw the dead hands exposed, they asked why the chef had been killed, and were worried about Jin Linggong's injustice. They planned to persuade Jin Linggong, and Shi Ji said: "If you go to remonstrate and the king does not listen, then no one can continue to advise. Let me persuade him first. If he does not accept it, you can continue to persuade him." When Shi Ji went to see Jin Linggong, he walked forward three times. When he reached the eaves, Jin Linggong looked up at him and said, "I already know. It's my fault and I intend to correct it." Shi Ji kowtowed and replied: "Who can make mistakes? There is no greater good thing than making mistakes. "Poetry·Da Ya, Dang" said: "It is easy to have a good beginning, but it is difficult to have a good ending." If this is the case, then there will be too few people to make up for their mistakes, and then the country will be good. With protection, not only the ministers have support. "Poetry·Daya·Haomin" also said: "When the emperor makes mistakes, only Zhongshanfu can make up for them." This means that if the king of Zhou can make up for his mistakes, he will not lose his throne."
可是晋灵公并没有改正。赵盾又多次劝谏，使晋灵公感到讨 厌，晋灵公便派鉏麑去刺杀赵盾。鉏麑一大早就去了赵盾的家，只 见卧室的门开着，赵盾穿戴好礼服准备上朝，时间还早，他和衣 坐着打吨儿。鉏麑退了出来，感叹地说：“这种时候还不忘记恭敬 国君，真是百姓的靠山啊。杀害百姓的靠山，这是不忠；背弃国 君的命令，这是失信。这两条当中占了一条，还不如去死！”于是， 鉏麑一头撞在槐树上死了。
But Jin Linggong did not correct himself. Zhao Dun repeatedly advised and remonstrated, which made Duke Linggong of Jin feel disgusted, so Duke Linggong of Jin sent Ji Lin to assassinate Zhao Dun. Ji Lin went to Zhao Dun's house early in the morning and saw that the bedroom door was open. Zhao Dun was dressed in formal clothes and ready to go to court. It was still early, so he was sitting and playing with his clothes. Jiu Qi withdrew and said with a sigh: "Don't forget to respect the king at this time. You are really the people's backer. Killing the people's backer is disloyal; betraying the king's order is breach of trust. If one of these two is involved, it is better to die!" So Jiu Qi hit his head against a locust tree and died.
秋天九月，晋灵公请赵盾喝酒，事先埋伏下武士，准备杀掉 赵盾。赵盾的车右提弥明发现了这个阴谋，快步走上殿堂，说： “臣下陪君王宴饮，酒过三巡还不告退，就不合礼仪了。”于是他 扶起赵盾走下殿堂。晋灵公唤了出猛犬来咬赵盾。提弥明徒手上 前搏斗，打死了猛犬。赵盾说：“不用人而用狗，虽然凶猛，又有 什么用！”他们两人与埋伏的武士边打边退。结果，提弥明为赵盾 战死了。
In autumn and September, Duke Linggong of Jin invited Zhao Dun to drink, and he ambushed the warriors in advance and prepared to kill Zhao Dun. Zhao Dun's right-hand man, Ti Miming, discovered the plot and hurriedly walked up to the hall and said, "It is not etiquette for me to accompany the king to a banquet. If he does not leave after three rounds of drinking, it is not in line with etiquette." So he helped Zhao Dun and walked down the hall. Jin Linggong summoned a fierce dog to bite Zhao Dun. The disciples of Timi fought with their hands and killed the fierce dog. Zhao Dun said: "We use dogs instead of men. Although they are ferocious, they are of no use!" The two of them fought and retreated from the ambushing warriors. As a result, Timiming died fighting for Zhao Dun.
当初，赵盾到首阳山打猎，住在翳桑。他看见有个叫灵辄的 人饿倒了，便去问他的病情。灵辄说：“我已经三天没吃东西了。… 赵盾给他东西吃，他留下了一半。赵盾问为什么，灵辄说：“我给 别人当奴仆三年了，不知道家中老母是否活着。现在离家近了，请 让我把留下的食物送给她。”赵盾让他把食物吃完，另外给他准备 了一篮饭和肉，放在口袋里给他。后来灵辄做了晋灵公的武士，他 在搏杀中把武器倒过来抵挡晋灵公手下的人，使赵盾得以脱险。赵 盾问他为什么这样做，他回答说：“我就是在翳桑的饿汉。”赵盾 再问他的姓名和住处，他没有回答就退走了。赵盾自己也逃亡了。
At first, Zhao Dun went hunting in Shouyang Mountain and lived in Yisang. He saw a man named Lingzhe who was hungry, so he went to ask about his condition. Lingzhe said: "I haven't eaten for three days. ... Zhao Dun gave him something to eat, but he kept half of it. Zhao Dun asked why, and Lingzhe said: "I have been a slave for others for three years. I don't know if my mother is still alive. Now that we are close to home, please let me give her the food I left behind. "Zhao Dun asked him to finish the food, and prepared a basket of rice and meat for him and put it in his pocket for him. Later, Lingzhe became a warrior of Lord Jin Linggong. During the fight, he turned his weapon upside down to resist Duke Linggong's men, allowing Zhao Dun to escape. Zhao Dun asked him why he did this, and he replied: "I am the hungry man in Yisang. "Zhao Dun asked him his name and where he lived again, but he retreated without answering. Zhao Dun himself also fled.
九月二十六日，赵穿在桃园杀掉了晋灵公。赵盾还没有走出 国境的山界，听到灵公被杀便回来了。晋国太史董狐记载道：“赵 盾杀了他的国君。”他还把这个说法拿到朝廷上公布。赵盾说： “不是这样。”董狐说：“您身为正卿，逃亡而不出国境，回来后又 不讨伐叛贼，不是您杀了国君又是谁呢？”赵盾说：“啊！《诗》中 说：‘我心里怀念祖国，反而给自己留下忧伤。’这话大概说的是我吧。”
On September 26, Zhao Chuan killed Jin Linggong in Taoyuan. Zhao Dun had not yet left the mountain boundary of the country and came back when he heard that Duke Linggong had been killed. Dong Hu, the Taishi of the Jin Dynasty, recorded: "Zhao Dun killed his king. "He also took this statement to the court and announced it. Zhao Dun said: "That's not the case. Dong Hu said: "As a minister, you fled without leaving the country, and when you came back, you did not attack the rebels. Who else could kill the king if it wasn't you?" Zhao Dun said: "Ah!" "Poetry" said: "I miss my motherland in my heart, but it leaves me sad." ’ This is probably about me. "
孔子说：“董狐是古代的好史官，记事的原则是直书而不隐讳。 赵盾是古代的好大夫，因为史官的记事原则而蒙受了弑君的恶名。 可惜啊，如果他出了国境，就会避免弑君之名了。”
Confucius said: "Dong Hu was a good historian in ancient times. His principle of recording events was to write directly without concealing anything. Zhao Dun was a good doctor in ancient times, but he suffered the notoriety of regicide because of the historian's recording principles. What a pity, if he had left the country, he would have avoided the reputation of regicide. "
赵盾派赵穿到成周去迎接晋国公子黑臀，把他立为国君。十月初三，公子黑臀去朝拜了武公庙。
Zhao Dun sent Zhao Chuan to Chengzhou to meet the Jin prince Heibu and make him king. On the third day of the tenth lunar month, the young master went to pay homage to Wugong Temple.
【读解】
【Interpretation】
不知道是否有心理学家专门研究过历史上的暴君的心理，这 种研究肯定很有意思。在平常人看来，暴君们的言行举止都有些 异乎寻常，按正常人来说是匪夷所思的。比如，夏桀的宠姬妹喜 爱听裂帛声，建造过“酒池肉林”；商纣王的酷刑“金瓜击顶”、 “炮烙”、“虿盆”、做人的肉羹。活剖孕妇等等。
I wonder if there are any psychologists who have specifically studied the psychology of tyrants in history. Such research would certainly be interesting. In the eyes of ordinary people, the words and deeds of tyrants are somewhat unusual and unimaginable to normal people. For example, Xia Jie's favorite concubine loved to listen to the sound of cracking silk and built a "wine pool and meat forest"; the torture of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty included "gold melon hitting the top", "cannon burning", "迿 basin", and human flesh soup. Cutting open pregnant women alive and so on.
晋灵公弹射路人、杀厨子游尸的举动，仅仅用一般的残暴、狠是难以说明的，恐怕总有些变态心理，或者歇斯底里症一类的 精神病，才能解释他的怪癖行径。如果真是这样，除了治病、关 进疯人院之外，没有任何办法让他改邪归正，或者像赵穿那样，将 其杀掉，以免危害更多的人。
Jin Linggong's actions of ejecting passers-by and killing the corpses of cooks cannot be explained by ordinary cruelty and ruthlessness. I am afraid that there must be some abnormal psychology or mental illness such as hysteria to explain his eccentric behavior. If this is the case, there is no way to make him change his ways except for treatment and imprisonment in a lunatic asylum, or, like Zhao Chuan, killing him to avoid harming more people.
中国传统政治制度致命的痼疾就在于，无论所滑的“天子”多 么愚笨、痴呆，无论多么残暴、缺德，无论多么变态。病入膏育， 都是“神圣”的，不可冒犯的，不可弹劾讨伐的，否则，便会犯 下各种“罪行”：欺君，亵读，犯上作乱，直至弑君。而且，这些 罪行都是弥天大罪，不可赦免，甚至可以诛灭九族。
The fatal chronic disease of China's traditional political system is that no matter how stupid and demented the "emperor" is, no matter how cruel and immoral, no matter how perverted. Those who are ill and have been educated are "sacred" and cannot be offended or impeached. Otherwise, they will commit various "crimes": deceiving the emperor, desecrating the emperor, committing rebellion, and even regicide. Moreover, these crimes are serious crimes, cannot be forgiven, and can even kill the nine tribes.
至今想起这些，依然让人不寒而粟、切齿痛恨！天子也不过 是吃人饭拉人屎的家伙，说不定智商还很低，凭什么就可以骑在 千万人的头顶上拉屎撒尿，作威作福？他们凭什么就能比百姓聪 明能干。具备当“领袖”的才能，如果说这世上真有什么天才的 话，多半也没有那些享尽人间荣华富贵。骄横得不可一世的“天 子”们的份儿。
Even now, thinking about these, it still makes people feel chills and gnash their teeth with hatred! The emperor is just a guy who eats people's food and poops on people. He may have a low IQ. Why can he sit on top of millions of people's heads and poop and urinate, dominating and domineering? Why can they be smarter and more capable than the common people? With the ability to be a "leader", if there are any geniuses in this world, they are probably not those who enjoy all the glory and wealth in the world. For the sake of the extremely arrogant "emperors".
虽然有此痼疾，但让人感叹不已的是，无论在那个时代，只 要有昏情残暴的暴政。苛政存在，就有敢于诤言直谏的义士出现， 并有敢于弑君的勇士出现，前者如赵盾，后者如赵穿。他们明知 自己的行为将要以自己的生命作为代价，甚至还包括以自己亲人 的生命为代价，依然大义凛然，慷慨陈词，视死如归。
Despite this chronic disease, what makes people sigh is that no matter in that era, as long as there is a tyrannical rule of indifference and cruelty. When harsh rule exists, there will be righteous men who dare to speak out and remonstrate, and there will be warriors who dare to kill the king. The former is like Zhao Dun, and the latter is like Zhao Chuan. They knew that their actions would be at the cost of their own lives, and even the lives of their loved ones, but they still acted righteously, made impassioned speeches, and regarded death as home.
这些词语，只有用在这些义士、勇士身上才是沉甸甸的、掷 地有声的、名实相符的。
These words are heavy, resounding, and true to their name only when used on these righteous men and warriors.
其实，敢于直谏、敢于弑暴君，已远不止是一种一时冲动的 个人行为，更不是宗教信徒的迷狂。它是一种非常清醒的、理智 的选择，是不得不如此的抉择。有时，明知暴君不可理喻，有时 明知自己的行动无异于以卵击石，自投罗网，如荆柯刺秦临行前 所唱：“风萧萧兮易水寒，壮士一去兮不复还”，但是，它们所体 现的是一种精神，是一种具有普遍意义的永恒的正义，即决不向残暴专制、黑暗腐朽屈膝让步的决心。
In fact, the courage to speak out and kill tyrants is far more than an impulsive personal behavior, let alone the madness of religious believers. It is a very sober and rational choice, and it is a choice that has to be made. Sometimes, they know clearly that the tyrant is unreasonable, and sometimes they know clearly that their actions are nothing more than hitting an egg against a stone and throwing themselves into a trap. For example, Jing Ke sang before leaving for the Qin Dynasty: "The wind is rustling, the water is cold, and the strong man will never return once he is gone." However, what they embody is a spirit, an eternal justice of universal significance, that is, the determination not to give in to cruel despotism, darkness and decadence.
正如希腊神话传说中的西西弗斯明知自己推上山的巨石要滚 下来一样，依然坚持不懈地推下去。人类的精神和行动的意义，就 在过程之中显示了出来，结果则是次要的了，甚至并不重要了。
Just like Sisyphus in Greek mythology, he knew that the boulder he pushed up the mountain was about to roll down, but he still pushed it down unremittingly. The meaning of human spirit and action is revealed in the process, and the result is secondary or even unimportant.
面对残暴和死亡而敢于挺身而出，这种行为表示了一种严正 的抗议，表示了一种不屈的精神。翻看历史，这种抗议和精神从 来就没有中断过，就好比光明和黑暗从来都是相随相伴，哪一方 都没有消失过一样。也许，光明和黑暗永远都会这么抗衡下去，直 到人类不再存在。
The act of daring to stand up in the face of brutality and death represents a solemn protest and an unyielding spirit. Looking at history, this kind of protest and spirit has never been interrupted, just like light and darkness have always accompanied each other, and neither side has ever disappeared. Perhaps, light and darkness will always compete like this until human beings no longer exist.
