【Original text】
楚癸酉，师陈于鞌(1)。邴夏御 侯，逢丑父为右②。晋解张御 克，郑丘缓为右(3)。 侯日：“余姑翦灭此而朝食(4)”。不介马而驰 之⑤。 克伤于矢，流血及屨２未尽∧?6)，曰：“余病矣(7)！”张侯 曰：“自始合(8)，而矢贯余手及肘(9)，余折以御，左轮朱殷(10)，岂敢 言病？吾子忍之！”缓曰：“自始合，苟有险，余必下推车，子岂＿ 识之(11)？然子病矣！”张侯曰：“师之耳目，在吾旗鼓，进退从之。 此车一人殿之(12)，可以集事(13)，若之何其以病败君之大事也？擐甲 执兵(14)，固即死也(15)；病未及死，吾子勉之(16)！”左并辔(17)，右援枴?鼓(18)。马逸不能止(19)，师从之， 师败绩。逐之，三周华不注(20)。
Chu Guiyou studied under Chen Yutan (1). Bingxia Yuhou, when Chou's father is on his right, he is on the right. Jin Jie Zhang Yu Ke, Zheng Qiu slowly moved to the right (3). Hou Ri: "Yu Gujian destroyed this and came to eat (4)". Don't worry about the horse galloping ⑤. He was injured by the arrow, and the bleeding was not finished. He said: "I am still sick (7)!" Zhang Hou said: "It has been together since the beginning (8), and the arrow has penetrated my hand and elbow (9). I have broken it to resist, and the left wheel is Zhu Yin (10). How dare you say that I am sick? My son tolerates it!" Xu said: "It has been together since the beginning. If you are in danger, I will get off the cart. How can I? Do you know (11)? But I am sick!" Zhang Hou said: "The master's ears and eyes are with me, and I can follow him when I advance and retreat (12). How can I defeat you with my illness? Hold the troops (14), and you will die immediately (15); if you are not sick enough to die, my son will encourage you (16)! "Left and bridle (17), right to support the crutches and drums (18). The horse cannot be stopped (19), the teacher follows it, and the teacher loses. Chase it away, and Sanzhouhua does not pay attention to it (20).
【注释】
【Note】
①师：指 、晋两国军队。羞：同“鞍”， 国地名，在今山东济南西北。 ②邴(bing)夏： 国大夫。 侯： 顷公。逢丑父： 国大夫。右：车 右。③解张：晋国大夫，又称张侯。克：即 献子，晋国大大， 晋军主帅。郑丘缓：晋国大夫，姓郑丘，名缓。(4)姑：暂且。翦灭：消 灭。此；指晋军。朝食；吃早饭。⑤不介马：不给马披甲。驰之：驱马 追击敌人。(6)未绝鼓音：作战时，主帅亲自掌旗鼓，指挥三军，所以 克受伤后仍然击鼓不停。(7)病：负伤。(8)合：交战。(9)贯：射。 穿。肘：胳膊。(10)朱：大红色。殷：深红色。(11)识：知道。(12) 殿：镇守。(13)集事：成事。(14)擐（huan）：穿上。兵：武器。(15) 即：就。即死：就死，赴死。(16)勉：努力。(17)并：合在一起。辔 （Pei）：马组绳。(18)援：拉过来。枴〉襲）：鼓槌。(19)逸：奔跑，狂奔。(20)周：环绕华不注：山名，在今山东济南东北。
① Division: refers to the armies of the two countries. Shame: Same as "an", the place name of the country, in the northwest of Jinan, Shandong Province. ②Bing Xia: State official. Hou: Qing Gong. Meet Chou's father: A state official. Right: Car Right. ③Jie Zhang: Jin Dynasty official, also known as Zhang Hou. Ke: That means offering your son to the great state of Jin and becoming the commander-in-chief of the Jin army. Zheng Qiu Su: A senior official of the Jin Dynasty, his surname was Zheng Qiu and his given name was Xu. (4) Gu: For now. Jian Mie: eliminate. This; refers to the Jin army. Have breakfast; have breakfast. ⑤Don’t care about horses: don’t put armor on horses. Gallop: Drive the horse to pursue the enemy. (6) The sound of drums continues: During the battle, the commander-in-chief personally applauded and commanded the three armies, so even after being injured, Ke continued to beat the drums. (7) Illness: injured. (8) Together: Fighting. (9) Pass: shoot. wear. Elbow: arm. (10) Zhu: bright red. Yin: deep red. (11) Knowledge: know. (12) Temple: Guard. (13) Gathering things: getting things done. (14) Huan (huan): put on. Soldier: weapon. (15) That is: Just. To die: to die, to die. (16) Mian: Work hard. (17) And: together. Bridle (Pei): horse rope. (18) Aid: Pull over. abduction>attack): drumstick. (19) Yi: run, run wildly. (20) Zhou: Surrounding China. Note: The name of the mountain is in the northeast of Jinan, Shandong Province.
【译文】
【Translation】
六月十七日， 国和晋国的军队在鞌摆开了阵势。邴夏为 顷公驾车，逢丑父担任车右。晋国解张为卻克驾车，郑丘缓担任 车右。 顷公说：“我暂且先消灭了这些敌人再吃早饭。” 军没 有给马披甲就驱车进击晋军。卻克被箭射伤，血流到鞋子上，但 他一直没有停止击鼓，并说：“我受伤了！”解张说：“从开始交战， 我的手和胳膊就被箭射穿了，我折断了箭，继续驾车，左边的车 轮因被血染成了深红色，哪里敢说受了伤？您还是忍住吧？”郑丘 缓说：“从开始交战，只要遇到险阻，我一定要下去推车，您哪里 知道这些？可是您却受伤了！”解张说：“我们的旗帜和战鼓是军 队的耳目，军队进攻和后撤都听从旗鼓指挥。这辆战车只要一个 人镇守，就可以成功，怎么能因为负了伤而败坏国君的大事呢？穿 上铠甲，拿起武器，本来就是去赴死；受伤不到死的地步，您要 奋力而为啊！”解张左手把马 绳全部握在一起，右手拿过鼓槌来 击鼓。战马狂奔不已，晋军跟著主帅的车前进， 军大败，晋军 追击 军，围著华不注山追了三圈。
On June 17, the armies of the Yang State and the Jin State set up a battle array in Tan. Bing Xia drove Qinggong, and Feng Chou's father served as the right driver. When the Jin Dynasty released Zhang, he drove Chaoke, and Zheng Qiuxuan served as the right driver. Qinggong said: "I will kill these enemies first and then have breakfast." The army did not put armor on the horses and drove towards the Jin army. Choke was wounded by an arrow and blood flowed to his shoes, but he never stopped playing the drum and said: "I am injured!" Jie Zhang said: "From the beginning of the battle, my hands and arms were shot through by arrows. I broke the arrow and continued to drive. The wheel on the left was stained crimson with blood. How dare I say I was injured? You should hold back?" Zheng Qiu said slowly: "From the beginning of the battle, whenever I encounter obstacles, I must go down and push the cart. Where are you? Know this? But you are injured!" Jie Zhang said: "Our flags and war drums are the eyes and ears of the army. The army's attack and retreat are subject to the command of the flags and drums. This chariot can be successful as long as one person is guarding it. How can the emperor's mission be ruined by being wounded? Put on the armor and pick up the weapon. You have to fight hard if you are not injured. Hold all the ropes together, take the drumstick in your right hand to play the drum. The horses galloped wildly, and the Jin army followed the commander's car. The Japanese army was defeated. The Jin army pursued the Japanese army and chased it three times around Huabuzhu Mountain.
【读解】
【Interpretation】
这是 、晋鞌之战中的一个主要场面，胜负只对当事人重要， 对我们则没有什么关系。晋军取胜的关键人物是郑丘缓和解张，如 果没有他俩，主帅卻克恐怕早就退兵了。
This is an important scene in the battle between Shanxi and Shanxi. The outcome is only important to the parties involved, but it has nothing to do with us. The key figure in the Jin army's victory was Zheng Qiu, who eased tensions. Without them, the coach Choke would have withdrawn his troops long ago.
作为配角的郑立缓和解张并没有喧冥夺主的企图，他们与主 帅同在一辆战车上，受的伤不比主帅轻，承担的担子不比主帅轻， 而所想到的是作为军队主心骨的旗鼓不能没有，宁可一直战斗到 死，因而在关键时刻挺身而出，使自己的军队以获胜而结束了战 斗。
As a supporting role, Zheng Li eased the tension and had no intention of seizing the throne. They were in the same chariot with the commander, and their injuries were no less than that of the commander, and their burdens were no less than that of the commander. What they thought of was that the backbone of the army could not be left without flags and drums, and they would rather fight until death. Therefore, they stood up at the critical moment and ended the battle with a victory for their own army.
角色的交换看上去是偶然的，但人物内心境界的对比却是鲜明的：主帅胆怯了，显示了贪生怕死；助手著急了，表现出慷慨 赴死的决心。两军对垒勇者胜。谁先打退堂鼓，也就是先挂出了 不过一死免战牌。既然被绑上了同一战车，最坏的结果不过一死，说不定还会 “勇斗则生”。
The exchange of roles seems accidental, but the contrast in the inner states of the characters is sharp: the coach is timid, showing that he is greedy for life and afraid of death; the assistant is anxious, showing a generous determination to die. When two armies confront each other, the brave one wins. Whoever retreats first will be the first to play the death-free card. Since they are tied to the same tank, the worst outcome is death, and maybe they will "fight bravely to survive".
这个事例再一次告诉我们，只有在关键时刻才能见出人物的 内心境界。无论一个人外表如何，身份地位如何，口头上如何说 大话，毕竟这些都是外在的包装，骨子里是什么货色，要在关键 时刻试一试才知道，正如是马是骡，要牵出来溜了之后才会明白 一样。
This example once again tells us that only at critical moments can we see the character's inner state. No matter what a person looks like, what his status is, or how he talks big words, after all, these are all external packaging. What he is in his heart can only be known by trying it at the critical moment, just like a horse or a mule can only be understood after being led out and run away.
除此之外，我们还发现，古人所具有精业精神和献身精神， 比我们要强的多。那时打仗大概还没有工资和奖金，没有勋章和 桂冠，凭的是自觉性。他们在挺身而出的时候，显然没有想到过 抚血金、烈士称号、家属子女待遇等等，真可是不计报酬，不 讲条件，只讲奉献，只讲忠于职守。
In addition, we also found that the ancients had a much stronger spirit of professionalism and dedication than we do. At that time, there were probably no wages and bonuses, no medals or laurels for fighting, and it was all about self-consciousness. When they came forward, they obviously did not think about the blood money, the title of martyr, the treatment of their family members and children, etc. They really did not care about compensation or conditions, but only about dedication and loyalty to their duties.
