【Original text】
初，楚伍参与蔡大师子朝友①，其子伍举与声子相善也(2)。伍 举娶于王子牟③。王子牟为申公而亡，楚人曰：“伍举实送之。”伍 举奔郑，将遂奔晋。声子将如晋，遇之于郑郊，班荆相与食④，而 言复故⑤。声子曰：“子行也，吾必复子。”
At the beginning, Chu Wu became a court friend of Master Cai's son ①, and his son Wu Ju and Sheng Zi were on good terms with each other (2). Wu Ju married Prince Mou③. Prince Mou died for Duke Shen, and the people of Chu said: "Wu Ju will really send him off." Wu Ju went to Zheng, and the general then went to Jin. Shengzi will be like the Jin Dynasty. When he met him in the suburbs of Zheng, he met Ban Jingxiang and ate ④, and then repeated his words ⑤. Shengzi said: "If you are a son, I will definitely restore you."
及宋向戌将平晋、楚(6)，声子通使于晋，还如楚。令尹子本与 之语(7)，问晋故焉，且曰：“晋大夫与楚孰贤？”对曰：“晋卿不如 楚，其大夫则贤，皆卿材也。如妃押皮革(8)，自楚往也。虽楚有材， 晋实用之。”子木曰：“夫独无族姻乎(9)？”对曰：“虽有，而用楚材 实多。归生闻之：善为国者，赏不僭而刑不滥0。赏僭，则惧及淫 人；刑滥，则惧及善人。若不幸而过，宁僭，无滥；与其失善，宁其利淫。无善人，则国从之。《诗》曰：‘人之云亡，邦国殄瘁(11)。’ 无善人之谓也。故《夏书》曰：‘与其杀不辜，宁失不经(12)。’惧失 善也。《商颂》有之曰：‘不僭不滥，不敢怠皇。命于下国，封建 厥福(13)。’此汤所以获天福也。古之治民者，劝赏而畏刑(14)，恤民不 倦(15)。赏以春夏，刑以秋冬。是以将赏为之加膳，加膳则饫赐(16)，此 以知其劝赏也。将刑为之不举(17)，不举则彻乐(18)，此以知其畏刑也。 夙兴夜寐(19)，朝夕临政，此以知其恤民也。三者，礼之大节也。有 礼，无败。今楚多淫刑，其大夫逃死于四方，而为之谋主(20)，以害 楚国，不可救疗，’所谓不能也(21)。子丁之乱，析公奔晋(22)。晋人置 诸戎车之殿(23)，以为谋主。绕角之役(24)，晋将遁矣，析公曰：‘楚师 轻窕，易震荡也。若多鼓钧声(25)，以夜军之(26)，楚帅必遁。’晋人从 之，楚师宵溃。晋遂侵蔡，袭沈(27)，获其君(28)，败申、息之师于桑 隧(29)，获申丽而还(30)。郑于是不敢南面(31)。楚失华夏，则析公之为也。 雍子之父兄谮雍子(32)，君与大夫不善是也(33)，雍子奔晋。晋人与之 蓄(34)，以为谋主。彭城之役(35)，晋楚遇于靡角之谷(36)，晋将遁矣，雍 子发命于军曰：‘归老幼，反孤疾，二人役，归一人。阅兵搜乘， 秣马蓐食，师陈焚次(37)，明日将战。’行归者而逸楚囚(38)，楚师宵溃。 晋降彭城而归诸宋，以鱼石归(39)。楚失东夷(40)，子辛死之(41)”，则雍子 之为也。子反与子灵争夏姬(42)，而雍害其事(43)，子灵奔晋。晋人与 之邢(44)，以为谋主，捍御北狄，通吴于晋，教吴叛楚，教之乘车、 射御、驱侵，使其子狐庸为吴行人焉(45)。吴于是伐巢，取驾，克棘， 入州来(46)，楚罢于奔命(47)，至今为患，则子灵之为也。若敖之乱(48)， 伯贲之子贲皇奔晋(49)。晋人与之苗(50)，以为谋主。鄢陵之役，楚晨 压晋军而陈，晋将遁矣，苗贲皇曰：‘楚师之良，在其中军王族而 已。若塞井夷灶，成陈以当之，栾、范易行以诱之(51)，中行、二 必克二穆(52)，吾乃四萃于其王族(53)，必大败之。’晋人从之，楚师大 败，王夷师僭(54)，子反死之。郑叛、吴兴，楚失诸侯，则苗贲皇之 为也。”子木曰：“是皆然矣。”声子曰：“今又有甚于此者。椒举 娶于申公子牟(55)，子牟得戾而亡(56)，君大夫谓椒举(57)：‘女实遣之。’ 惧而奔郑，引 南望曰：‘庶几赦余！’亦弗图也。今在晋矣，晋 人将与之县，以比叔向(58)。彼若谋害楚国，岂不为患？”子木惧，言 诸王，益其禄爵而复之。声子使椒 逆之(59)。
When General Xiangxu of the Song Dynasty defeated Jin and Chu (6), Shengzitong envoyed to Jin, and he was still like Chu. Ling Yin Ziben and Zhiyu (7) asked about the history of Jin, and asked: "Which of the Jin officials is wiser or Chu?" He said to him: "The officials of Jin are not as good as Chu, but their officials are wise, and they are all ministers. For example, the concubine's leather (8) came from Chu. Although Chu has materials, Jin can use them." Zimu said: "I don't have a clan marriage alone (9)?" He said to him: "Although there are, Chu materials are used. It's true. I heard that if you do good to the country, you should not be arrogant and punished 0. If you reward tyrants, you will be afraid of evil people. If you are unlucky, it is better to be arrogant than to be unruly. If there are no good people, the country will die. There is no such thing as a good person. Therefore, the "Book of Xia" says: "It is better to be good than to kill the innocent" (12). "Shang Song" says: "Don't be arrogant and do not dare to neglect the emperor." Tiredness (15). Rewards are given in the spring and summer, and punishments are given in the autumn and winter. This is because the reward is given (16), and the reward is given (17), and the reward is given (17), and the punishment is given (18), so it is known that the person is afraid of punishment. Li, undefeated. Nowadays, there are many rapes and punishments in Chu, and its officials are fleeing to death in all directions, and they are plotting against them (20), so as to harm the Chu country, and there is no way to cure it. 'Zi Ding's rebellion, Ji Gong fled to Jin (22). The people of Jin set up a palace for military chariots (23), thinking that they wanted to master the plan. During the battle around the corner (24), the Jin general escaped. Duke Xi said: "The Chu army is light and easy to shake." If there are too many drums and drums (25), and the night army is attacked (26), the Chu commander will escape. ’ The Jin people followed, and the Chu army collapsed at night. Jin then invaded Cai, attacked Shen (27), and captured its lord (28). They defeated Shen and Xi's troops at Sangtun (29), and captured Shen Li before returning (30). Zheng then did not dare to go south (31). If Chu loses China, then Analyze Gong will do this. Yongzi's father and brother rebelled against Yongzi (32), and the emperor and the officials were not good to each other (33), so Yongzi went to Jin. The Jin people kept it (34), thinking that they were plotting the master plan. During the Battle of Pengcheng (35), Jin and Chu met in Mijiao Valley (36). The Jin generals fled. Yongzi issued an order to the army and said: "Return to the old and young, and fight against the lonely disease. Two people serve, and one person returns." The troops are paraded, the horses are fed, the troops are fed, Chen Fenci (37), the battle will take place tomorrow. ’ Those who were returning escaped from the Chu prison (38), and the Chu army collapsed at night. Jin surrendered to Pengcheng and returned to the Song Dynasty, returning with fish and stone (39). "Chu lost Dongyi (40), and Zi Xin died (41)", so Yongzi did it. Zifan fought with Ziling for Xia Ji (42), but Yong harmed her (43), and Ziling ran to Jin. The Jin people and Xing (44) thought they were masterminds, defended Beidi, connected Wu to Jin, taught Wu to rebel against Chu, taught him how to ride a chariot, She Yu and the invaders made their son Hu Yong join Wu Xingren (45). Wu then attacked the nest, took the horse, defeated the thorns, and entered the state (46). The Chu army was in trouble (47), and Zi Ling was in trouble (48), and Bo Ben's son Benhuang rushed to the Jin Dynasty (49). The Jin people and Miao (50) thought they were plotting the master plan. In the Battle of Yanling, Chu Chen overwhelmed the Jin army and surrendered, but the Jin generals escaped. Emperor Miao Ben said: "The best of Chu's troops are those of the royal family among them." If the well is blocked and the stove is barricaded, Cheng Chen will take care of it, Luan and Fan Yixing will lure it (51), Zhongxing and Er will definitely defeat Er Mu (52), and I will defeat the royal family with four talents (53). ’ The Jin people followed, and the Chu army was defeated. Wang Yi’s army acted arrogantly (54), and his son rebelled and died. Zheng rebelled, Wuxing revolted, and Chu lost its princes, so Emperor Miao Ben acted accordingly. Zimu said, "That's all true." Shengzi said: "Now there is something worse than this." Jiao Ju married Shen Gongzi Mou (55), but Zi Mou became violent and died (56). The official Jun said of Jiao Ju (57): "The girl is really sending him." ’ He ran to Zheng in fear, looked southward and said, ‘I’ll forgive you! ’ It’s also a picture. Now in Jin, the people of Jin will join the county to compare with Shu Xiang (58). If he plots against Chu, wouldn’t he be in danger? "Zimu was frightened and told the kings that he would be able to benefit from his wealth and rank. Shengzi sent Jiao to rebel against him (59).
【注释】
【Note】
①伍参：伍奢的祖父，伍子胥的曾祖父。子朝：公子朝，蔡文公的儿子， 为蔡国太师。②伍举：伍奢的父亲。声子：子朝的儿子。③王子牟： 楚国公子，又称申公子牟。(4)班：铺垫。⑤复故：返回楚国的事。 (6)向戌，宋国大夫，又称左师。平：讲和。(7)子木：屈建，楚国令尹。” (8)杞、梓：楚国出产的两种优质木材。(9)族姻：同族子弟和有婚姻 关系的人。(10)僭(jian):：越，过分。滥：过度，无节制。(11)这两句 诗出自《诗•大雅.瞻印》。殄瘁：艰危，困窘。(12)《夏书》已失传。这 两句话见于《古文尚书•大禹漠》。不经：不守常法的人。(13)这四句诗出 自《诗•商颂•殷武》。怠：懈怠。皇：今《诗经》作“逞”，意思是闲暇，指 偷闲。封：大。(14)劝：乐，喜欢。(15)恤民：忧民。(16)饫(yu)赐： 饱餐之后把多余的酒菜赐给臣下。(17)不举：不举行盛宴。(18)彻:同 “撤”。彻乐：撤去音乐。(19)夙兴夜寐：早起晚睡。(20)谋主：主要谋 士。(21)不能：不能任用贤人。(22)子丁：楚国大臣斗克的字。析公：楚 国大臣。(23)戎车：指国君的战车。殿：后。(24)绕角：蔡国地名，在 今河南鲁山县东。(25)钧声：相同的声音。(26)军：进攻。(27)沈：诸 侯国名，在今安徽临泉县北。(28)君：指沈国国君沈子揖初。(29)桑隧： 地名，在今河南确山县东。(30)申丽：楚国大夫。(31)不敢南面：不敢 向南亲附楚国。(32)雍子：楚国大臣。谮：中伤，诬陷。(33)不 善是：不喜欢这个人。(34)蓄（XU）：晋国邑名，在今河南温县附近。 (35)彭城：在今江苏徐州(36)靡角之谷：宋国地名，在彭城附近。(37) 陈：列阵。次：营帐。(38)归者：指应放还的老幼孤疾。逸：释放。 (39)鱼石：逃到楚国的宋国大臣。(40)东夷：亲楚国的东方小国。(41)子 辛：楚国令尹公于工大，被楚共王杀掉。(42)子灵：楚国宗族。夏姬：郑 穆公的女儿，陈国大大御叔的妻子。(43)雍害：阻碍，破坏。(44)邢：晋 国邑名，在今河南温县东北。(45)行人：外交使节。(46)巢：楚国的属国，在今安徽巢县东北。驾：楚国邑名，在今安徽无为境内。棘：楚国邑名， 在今河南永城南。州来：楚国邑名，在今安徽△台。(47)罢：同“疲”。 (49)若敖：指楚国令尹子文的氏族。(49)伯贲：楚国令尹斗椒的字。 (50)苗：晋国邑名，在今河南济源西。(51)栾、范：指栾书、士燮统率的中 军。易行：指简易行阵，以诱惑楚军。(52)中行：指晋国上军佐。二 郎：指晋国上军统帅 琦和新军佐 至。二穆：指楚国左军统帅子重和右军 统帅子辛，两人都是楚穆王的后代。(53)四萃：从四面集中攻击。 (54)夷：受伤。僭(jian)：火熄灭，这里比喻军队溃败。(55)椒举：伍举。 (56)戾(li)：罪。(57)君大夫：国君和大夫。(58)叔向：晋国上大夫。 比叔向：使他的爵禄可与叔向相比。(59)椒 ：伍举的儿子，伍奢的弟弟。 逆：迎。
① Wu Shen: Wu She’s grandfather and Wu Zixu’s great-grandfather. Zichao: Gongzichao, the son of Duke Wen of Cai, was the Grand Master of Cai State. ②Wu Ju: Wu She’s father. Shengzi: Son of Zichao. ③Prince Mou: The prince of Chu, also known as Shen Gongzi Mou. (4) Class: foreshadowing. ⑤Returning to the past: Returning to Chu State. (6) Xiang Xu, a senior official in the Song Dynasty, also known as Zuo Shi. Ping: Make peace. (7) Zimu: Qu Jian, the magistrate of Chu State. " (8) Qi and Zi: two kinds of high-quality wood produced in Chu State. (9) Clan marriage: children of the same clan and people with a marriage relationship. (10) Jian (jian):: Yue, excessive. Suan: excessive, uncontrolled. (11) These two lines of poems come from "Poetry Daya. Zhan Yin". Dying: hardship, embarrassment. (12) "Xia Shu" has been lost. This 两句话见于《古文尚书•大禹漠》。不经：不守常法的人。(13)这四句诗出 自《诗•商颂•殷武》。怠：懈怠。皇：今《诗经》作“逞”，意思是闲暇，指 偷闲。封：大。(14)劝：乐，喜欢。(15)恤民：忧民。(16)饫(yu)赐： After the meal, the extra food and wine are given to the ministers. (18) Che: Remove the music. (19) Get up early and sleep late. (21) Can't: Can't appoint wise men. (23) Military chariot: refers to the monarch’s chariot. Palace: rear. (24) Zhuojiao: The place name of Cai State, in the east of Lushan County, Henan Province. (25) Jun sound: the same sound. (26) Army: Attack. (27) Shen: The name of the vassal country, located in the north of Linquan County, Anhui today. (28) Jun: refers to Shen Ziyichu, the king of Shen State. (29) Sangtun: Place name, located in the east of Queshan County, Henan Province. (30) Shen Li: Doctor of Chu State. (31) Dare not go south: Dare not go south and ally with Chu State. (32) Yongzi: Minister of Chu.议: slander, false accusation. (33) Not good means: don’t like this person. (34) Accumulation (XU): The name of the town in the Jin Dynasty, near today's Wenxian County, Henan Province. (35) Pengcheng: in today's Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province (36) Mijiao Valley: a place name in the Song Dynasty, near Pengcheng. (37) Chen: array. Times: Camp tent. (38) Returnees: Refers to the old, young and orphans who should be released. Yi: Release. (39) Yu Shi: A minister of Song who fled to Chu. (40) Dongyi: A small eastern country that is close to Chu. (41) Zi Xin: Duke Yin, the king of Chu, was killed at Gongda by the King of the Communist Party of Chu. (42) Zi Ling: Clan of Chu State. Xia Ji: The daughter of Duke Mu of Zheng and the wife of the great uncle of Chen Guo. (43) Yong harm: hinder, destroy. (44) Xing: The name of the state of Jin, located in the northeast of Wen County, Henan Province. (45) Pedestrian: Diplomatic envoy. (46) Chao: A vassal state of the Chu State, located in the northeast of Chao County, Anhui today. Jia: The name of a city in the state of Chu, located in Wuwei, Anhui today. Ji: The name of a city in the state of Chu, located south of Yongcheng in present-day Henan. Zhoulai: The name of the city in the state of Chu, in today's Anhui Province. (47) Stop: Same as "tired". (49) Ruo Ao: refers to the clan of Yin Ziwen, the magistrate of Chu State. (49) Bo Bi: The name of Yin Doujiao, the commander of Chu State. (50) Miao: The name of the town in the Jin Dynasty, located in the west of Jiyuan, Henan Province. (51) Luan and Fan: refers to the Chinese army commanded by Luan Shu and Shi Xie. Yi Xing: refers to a simple formation to seduce the Chu army. (52) Zhongxing: refers to the military assistant of the Jin Kingdom. Erlang: refers to Qi, the commander-in-chief of the Jin army, and Zuo Zhi of the new army. Ermu: refers to Zizhong, the commander of the left army of Chu, and Zixin, the commander of the right army. Both of them are descendants of King Mu of Chu. (53) Four Essences: Concentrated attacks from all four sides. (54) Yi: injured.孭(jian): The fire is extinguished. This is a metaphor for the defeat of the army. (55) Jiao Ju: Wu Ju. (56) 戾(li): sin. (57) Jun Dafu: The king and the doctor. (58) Shuxiang: A senior official in the Jin Dynasty. Compare to Shu Xiang: Make his rank comparable to that of Shu Xiang. (59) Jiao: Wu Ju’s son and Wu She’s younger brother. Reverse: Welcome.
【译文】
【Translation】
当初，楚国的伍参与蔡国太师子朝相友好，伍参的儿子伍举 也与子朝的儿子声子相友善。伍举娶了王子牟的女儿做妻子，王子牟 当申邑长官后获罪逃亡。楚国人说：“伍举一定护送过他。”伍 举逃亡到了郑国，打算再逃亡到晋国。声子要到晋国去，他在郑 国都城的郊外碰到了伍举，两个人把荆草铺在地上坐著一起吃东 西，谈到了伍举回楚国的事。声子说：“您走吧，我一定要让您回 楚国。”
At the beginning, Wu Shen of Chu State was friendly with Zi Chao, the Grand Master of Cai State, and Wu Ju, the son of Wu Shen, was also friendly with Zi Chao's son Sheng Zi. Wu Ju married the daughter of Prince Mou, who became the governor of Shenyi and fled after being convicted. People from the Chu state said: "Wu Ju must have escorted him." Wu Ju fled to the state of Zheng and planned to flee to the state of Jin again. Shengzi was about to go to the State of Jin. He met Wu Ju on the outskirts of the capital of the State of Zheng. The two spread wattle grass on the ground and sat down to eat together. They talked about Wu Ju's return to the State of Chu. Shengzi said: "You go, I must let you return to Chu."
到了宋国的向戌来调解晋国和楚国的关系时，声子到晋国去 当使节，回国时到了楚国。楚国令尹子木同声子谈话，问起晋国 的事，并且还问：“晋国的大夫和楚国大夫比谁更贤明些？”声子 回答说：“晋国的卿比不上楚国，但是它的大夫却很贤明，都是做 卿的人才。正像杞木、梓木和皮革，全是从楚国去的。虽然楚国 有人才，实№上却是晋国在使用他们。”子木说：“难道晋国没有 同族和姻亲当大夫吗？”声子回答说：“虽然有，但是使用楚国的 人才的确很多。我听说过：善于治理国家的人，赏赐不过分，刑 罚不滥用。赏赐太过分，就怕赏赐到坏人头上；滥用刑罚，则怕 惩罚到了好人。如果不幸越过了限度，也宁愿赏赐过头，而不要 滥用刑罚；与其失去了好人，还不如有利于坏人。没有好人，国 家就会跟著遭殃。《诗•大雅.瞻印》中说：‘贤能的人没有了，国 家就将遭受危难。’这话说的就是国家没有好人。所以《夏书》上 说：‘与其杀害无辜的人，宁可放过犯罪的人。’这是担心失去了 好人。《诗•商颂•殷武》中说：‘不要过分不滥用，不可懈怠偷 闲懒，上天命令我下国，大力建树福和禄。’《就是商汤获得上天 赐福的原因。古代治理百姓的人，喜欢赏赐而惧怕刑罚，为百姓 忧心而不知疲倦。赏赐在春天和夏天进行，刑罚在秋天和冬天进 行。因此，在将要行赏时要为它加餐，加餐后把多余的酒菜赐给奔命 臣下，从这里可以知道他喜欢赏赐。将要用刑时则要减餐，减餐 时要撤去进餐时的音乐，从这里可以知道他惧怕用刑。早起晚睡， 早晚亲自上朝处理政事，从这里就可以知道他为百姓忧心。喜欢 赏赐、惧怕刑罚、为百姓分忧这三件事，是礼丁的大节。有了礼 丁就不会失败。现在楚国经常滥用刑罚，楚国大夫逃亡到四周的 国家，成了那些国家的主要谋士，危害楚国，无法挽救和医治，这 就是说楚国不能任用贤人。子丁的叛乱，使析公逃到了晋国。晋 国人把他安排在国君的战车后面，让他做主谋。绕角战役，晋国 准备逃跑，析公却说：‘楚军心里轻浮急躁，容易被动摇。如果多 处同时发出击鼓声，趁夜色发动进攻，楚军一定会逃走。’晋国人 听从了析公的话，楚军在夜里败逃了。晋国接著侵袭蔡国，偷袭 沈国，俘获了沈国国君，在桑隧击败了申、息两地的楚军，抓住了为 了楚国大夫申丽后回国。郑国从此不敢向南亲近楚国。楚国失去 了中原诸侯的亲附，这全是析公的主意。雍子的父亲和哥哥诬陷 雍子，国君和大夫也不喜欢雍子，雍子就逃亡到了晋国。晋国人 把畜邑封给他，让他当主谋。彭城一仗，晋军和楚军在靡角之谷 遭遇，晋军准备逃走，雍子却向军队发布命令说：‘把年老的和年 轻的人放回去，孤儿和有病的人回去，一家有两人参战的回去 一个。精选兵士，检阅兵车，喂饱战马，饱餐一顿，摆开阵势，烧 掉营帐，明天决战。’晋军让该回家的人走了，放走了楚军战俘， 结果楚军夜里溃败了。晋军降服了彭城，把它还给了宋国，带著 俘获的鱼石回国。楚国失去了东方诸国的亲附，子辛也为此被杀， 这都是雍子干出来的。子反和子灵争夺夏姬，子反破坏了子灵的 婚事，子灵逃到了晋国。晋国人把邢邑封给他，让他当主谋，抵 御北狄，使吴国和晋国通好，教吴国背叛楚国，教吴国人乘战车、 射箭、驾车、驱车进攻，派他的儿子狐庸担任吴国的使者。吴国 便在这时攻打巢地，夺取驾地，攻克棘地，侵入州来，楚国疲于 奔命，到现在吴国还是楚国的祸患，这都是子灵干出来的。若敖 氏叛乱，伯贲的儿子贲皇逃亡到晋国。晋国人把苗地封给他，让 他当主谋。鄢陵之战，楚军早晨逼近晋军并摆出阵势，晋军打算 逃走，苗贲皇说：‘楚军的精锐部队只是中军的王室亲兵。如果填 井平灶，摆开阵势抵抗他们，栾书、士燮两军减缩行阵以引诱楚 军，l 部B 琦和 至一定能战胜子重和子辛，我们再集中兵力 从四面进攻他们的亲兵，必定会把他们打得大败。’晋国人听从了 苗贲皇的话，楚军大败，楚王受伤，军队溃散，子反自杀。郑国 叛离，吴国兴起，楚国失去了诸侯的亲附，这都是苗贲皇干出来 的。”子木说：“这些都说对了。”声子说：“现在还有比这些更厉 害的。伍举娶了申公王子牟的女儿做妻子，子牟获罪而逃亡，国 君和大夫们对伍举说：‘确实是你让他走的。’伍举因为害怕逃到 了郑国，他伸长脖子望著南面说：‘但愿能赦免我！’但是楚国并 不考虑。现在伍举在晋国，晋国人准备封给他县邑。使他的爵禄 可以和叔向相比。如果他来策划危害楚国，难道不会成为祸患吗？” 子木感到害怕，对楚王说了，楚王增加了伍举的爵禄并让他回到 楚国。声子让椒 去迎接伍举。
When Xiang Xu of Song came to mediate the relationship between Jin and Chu, Shengzi went to Jin as an envoy and returned to Chu. Yin Zimu, the leader of the Chu State, talked with Shengzi, asked about the affairs of the Jin State, and asked: "Who is wiser between the officials of the State of Jin and the officials of the State of Chu?" Shengzi replied: "The ministers of the State of Jin are not as good as those of the State of Chu, but their officials are very wise, and they are all talented ministers. Just like qi wood, catalpa wood and leather, they are all from Chu State. Although Chu State There are talents, but Jin is actually using them." Zimu asked, "Don't Jin have any relatives or relatives who are officials?" Shengzi replied, "Although there are, there are indeed many talents in Chu. I have heard that those who are good at governing the country should not be rewarded excessively, and punishments should not be abused. If the rewards are too excessive, the punishments will be abused. Punish the good people. If the misfortune exceeds the limit, it is better to reward the bad people than to lose them. If there are no good people, the country will suffer. "Shi·Daya. Zhanyin" says: "If there are no good people, the country will be in danger." This means that the country will be in danger if there are no good people. Said: "It is better to let the guilty people go than to kill innocent people." This is because he is worried about losing good people. "Poetry of Shang Dynasty" said: "Don't be too lazy and lazy. God ordered me to go down to the country and vigorously build blessings and wealth." This is the reason why Shang Tang was blessed by God. In ancient times, those who governed the people liked rewards but were afraid of punishment. They worried about the people without getting tired. Rewards are given in spring and summer, punishments are given in autumn and winter. Therefore, when the reward is about to be given, a meal should be added to it. After the meal, the extra food and wine should be given to Benming's ministers. From this, we can know that he likes rewards. When he was about to be tortured, he had to reduce his meal, and when he was about to eat, he had to remove the music during the meal. From this, we can know that he was afraid of being tortured. He gets up early and goes to bed late, and goes to court in person in the morning and evening to handle political affairs. From this, we can know that he is worried about the people. Loving rewards, fearing punishment, and sharing the worries of the people are the three important things for Li Ding. With Li Ding there is no chance of failure. Nowadays, Chu State often abuses punishments. The officials of Chu State flee to surrounding countries and become the main counselors of those countries. They endanger Chu State and cannot be saved or cured. This means that Chu State cannot appoint wise men. Ziding's rebellion caused Xigong to flee to Jin. The people of Jin put him behind the monarch's chariot and made him the mastermind. At the Battle of Zhoujiao, Jin was about to flee, but Xigong said: "The Chu army is frivolous and impatient and can be easily shaken." If drumming sounds are heard from many places at the same time and an attack is launched at night, the Chu army will definitely escape. ’ The Jin people listened to Xigong’s words, and the Chu army was defeated and fled at night. The Jin State then invaded the State of Cai, launched a surprise attack on the State of Shen, captured the king of Shen State, defeated the Chu armies of Shen and Xi in Sangtun, captured Shen Li, a senior official of the Chu State, and returned home. From then on, the state of Zheng did not dare to go south to get close to the state of Chu. Chu State lost the support of the princes of the Central Plains. This was all Xigong's idea. Yongzi's father and brother framed Yongzi, and the king and officials also disliked Yongzi, so Yongzi fled to Jin. The people of Jin State granted him the title of animal town and made him the mastermind. During the Battle of Pengcheng, the Jin army and the Chu army encountered each other in the Mijiao Valley. The Jin army was about to flee, but Yongzi issued an order to the army: "Put the old and the young back, the orphans and the sick go back, and every family with two people who participated in the battle will go back one." Select the soldiers, review the chariots, feed the horses, have a good meal, set up the battle array, burn the tents, and prepare for the decisive battle tomorrow. ’ The Jin army let those who should go home go and released the Chu army’s prisoners of war. As a result, the Chu army was defeated at night. The Jin army surrendered Pengcheng, returned it to the Song Dynasty, and returned home with the captured fish and stones. The state of Chu lost the support of the eastern states, and Zi Xin was killed for this reason. This was all done by Yong Zi. Zi Fan and Zi Ling competed for Xia Ji, Zi Fan ruined Zi Ling's marriage, and Zi Ling fled to Jin. The people of Jin granted him the title of Xingyi and made him the mastermind to resist Beidi, make Wu and Jin harmonious, teach Wu to rebel against Chu, teach Wu people to ride chariots, archery, drive, and attack with chariots, and sent his son Hu Yong to serve as Wu's envoy. At this time, the state of Wu attacked the nest area, seized the control area, conquered the thorn area, and invaded the state. The state of Chu was exhausted. Up to now, the state of Wu is still a scourge to the state of Chu. All this was done by Zi Ling. If Ao rebelled, Bo Ben's son Benhuang fled to Jin. The Jin people granted him the Miao land and made him the mastermind. In the Battle of Yanling, the Chu army approached the Jin army in the morning and took up a position. The Jin army planned to escape. Emperor Miao Ben said: 'The elite troops of the Chu army are only the royal soldiers of the Chinese army. If we fill up the wells and flatten the stoves, set up a battle array to resist them, and Luan Shu and Shi Xie reduce their formation to lure the Chu army, then Qihe and his troops will definitely be able to defeat Zizhong and Zixin. If we concentrate our forces and attack their soldiers from all sides, they will definitely be defeated. ’ The people of Jin listened to Emperor Miao Ben’s words, and the Chu army was defeated. The King of Chu was injured, the army collapsed, and Zifan committed suicide. The rebellion of Zheng, the rise of Wu, and the loss of the support of its princes were all caused by Emperor Miao Ben. Zimu said: "These are all correct." Shengzi said: "Now there are more powerful ones than these." Wu Ju married the daughter of Prince Mou, Duke of Shen, and Prince Mou was convicted and fled. The king and the officials said to Wu Ju, "It was indeed you who let him go." ’ Wu Ju fled to Zheng because of fear. He stretched his neck and looked south and said, ‘I hope you can forgive me! ’ But Chu State didn’t consider it. Now that Wu Ju is in Jin, the people of Jin are going to grant him a county. So that his rank can be compared with that of Shu Xiang. If he planned to harm Chu State, wouldn't it become a disaster? Zimu felt scared and told the King of Chu. The King of Chu increased Wu Ju's salary and asked him to return to the Chu Kingdom. Shengzi asked Jiao to meet Wu Ju.
【读解】
【Interpretation】
自己的人才没有为自己效劳，却被敌手利用来挖自己的墙角， 危害自己，的确发人深省。这一篇专论“我材他用”的文字，显，得十分独特，提出的问题值得我们好好思索。
It is indeed thought-provoking that our own talents have not served us, but have been used by our opponents to poach ourselves and endanger ourselves. The text of this monograph on "I use my materials for other purposes" is very unique, and the questions raised are worthy of our careful consideration.
人才出逃的根本原因，在统治集团内部的勾心斗角，尔虞我 诈。作为一国之君，不能正确运用赏罚手段，不讲公平的原则，自 然会造成自己内部的分化。这一重大责任要由自己来承担，可以 叫做自己种下的苦果自己尝，怪不到别人。
The root cause of talent flight is the intrigue and intrigue within the ruling group. As the king of a country, if you cannot use rewards and punishments correctly and do not adhere to the principle of fairness, you will naturally cause internal divisions. This important responsibility must be borne by oneself. It can be said that one can taste the bitter fruits oneself sow and cannot blame others.
当然，实№当中也可能出现敌手寻机主动来挖人才的情形，或 者用利诱的手段，或者用离间的阴谋，比如现代间谍战中常见的 双重乃至多重间谍。
Of course, in practice, there may also be situations where adversaries seek opportunities to proactively recruit talents, either by inducement or by divisive plots, such as double or even multiple spies that are common in modern espionage warfare.
不管是哪种情形，我们都可以看出人才在竞争中的重要价值 和决定性作用。德国人奥本海姆出逃美国，使美国人造出了原子 弹，从而掌握了在二战中取得决定性胜利的一张王牌。类似的事 例还可以举出很多。无论是在战场上，还是在商场和科技竞争之 中，一个优秀人才往往可以使局面发生根本性的改变，使掌握和 使用人才的一方占 制高点，掌握主动权和控制权。因此，竞争， 从某种意义上说就是人才的竞争。也可以毫不夸张地说，无论在 古代，还是在现代，得人才者，得天下。
No matter what the situation is, we can see the important value and decisive role of talent in competition. The German Oppenheim fled to the United States, allowing the Americans to develop the atomic bomb, thereby holding a trump card for decisive victory in World War II. Many similar examples can be cited. Whether on the battlefield or in shopping malls and technological competitions, an outstanding talent can often fundamentally change the situation, allowing the party that masters and uses the talent to occupy the commanding heights and seize the initiative and control. Therefore, competition, in a sense, is the competition of talents. It is no exaggeration to say that no matter in ancient times or in modern times, those who win talents will win the world.
话说回来，自己的人才在严绘无情的竞争中被敌人利用，所 造成的后果是十分可怕的。自己人最了解自己家的事，自己的长 处、短处，自己的家底，自己的致命之处，全被了若指掌。这样， 就应了“知己知彼，百战不殆”这个古老的致胜原则。
Having said that, if one's talents are exploited by the enemy in Yan Hui's ruthless competition, the consequences will be dire. Your own people know your own family's affairs best, your own strengths and weaknesses, your own family wealth, and your own fatal points are all well known. In this way, the ancient winning principle of "know yourself and the enemy, and fight a hundred battles without danger" is fulfilled.
敌手自己做不到的事，由自己人帮助他们做到了；敌人无法 掌握的情况，轻而易举地被掌握了。处于这样的境地，哪有不败 的道理？人们常说，堡垒最容易从内部攻破。自己人被他人、敌 手利用，不也是一种从内部攻破堡垒的方式吗？
What the enemy could not do on their own was accomplished with the help of their own people; situations that the enemy could not control were easily mastered. In such a situation, how can there be any reason to be invincible? It is often said that a fortress is most easily breached from within. Isn't it also a way to break the fortress from the inside when one's own people are used by others and enemies?
不懂得珍惜人才和使用人才的统治者，可以说是世界上最愚 蠢的统治者。如果不仅不懂得珍惜和使用人才，反而设置各种 碍和网罗加害于人才，这样的统治者便到了不可救药的地步，是 自己在为自己挖掘坟墓。历史上的这类悲剧不少，而在实№中人们又一再犯这样的错误，的确让人难以理解其中的原因。是嫉贤 妒能的心理在作祟？是惧怕能人对自己构成威胁？是看不出人的 才能所在？是奉行“顺我者昌，逆我者亡”的信条？是误信了奸 佞小人的谗言？还是根本就不把国家、百姓的兴旺发达放在心上， 只图个人的安乐淫逸？
Rulers who do not know how to cherish and use talents can be said to be the stupidest rulers in the world. If not only do not know how to cherish and use talents, but instead set up various obstacles and snares to harm talents, such rulers will be in a hopeless situation and they are digging their own graves. There are many tragedies of this kind in history, and in practice people make such mistakes again and again, which is really hard to understand why. Is it the psychology of jealousy of talent and talent that is at work? Are you afraid that capable people will pose a threat to you? Is it because you can’t see where people’s talents lie? Do you follow the creed of "Those who follow me will prosper, and those who go against me will perish"? Did you mistakenly believe the slanderous words of a treacherous villain? Or do you not care about the prosperity of the country and the people at all, and only care about your own personal happiness?
愚蠢倒也罢了。国君愚蠢，而握有实权的臣子们不愚蠢，也 可以混下去。并非愚蠢，而是误中他人圈套，还可以谅解和补救。 既不愚蠢，也不是上当受骗，而是玩弄权术，专横暴虐，有意陷 害，这就是违背天意的自己作孽，活该遭受厄运。
It's just stupid. The king is stupid, but the ministers who hold real power can still get along if they are not stupid. It's not stupidity, it's just that you fell into the trap of others, and you can still forgive and make amends. He is neither stupid nor deceived, but he is playing tricks of power, being tyrannical and deliberately framed. This is his own sin against God's will and he deserves to suffer bad luck.
能够充分利用敌手的人才，来打击敌手的要害部位，瓦解敌 手的士气和阵营，以子之矛，陷子之盾，可以算是天赐的福份，也 是聪明智慧的表现。这当中有机遇问题，也有敌手的愚蠢、过失。 残暴而白白送上门来的时候，但是，最主要的是自己行得正，走 得端，具有宽阔的胸襟，高尚的情操和德行，站在道义和真理一 边，人才才可能前来归附。如果与对手同样愚蠢、专横、暴虐，谁 会来归附？得道多助，自身的优势所形成的强大吸引力，应当是 人才前来归附的根本条件。
Being able to make full use of the opponent's talents to attack the opponent's key parts, disintegrate the opponent's morale and camp, and use the spear of the opponent and the shield of the opponent can be regarded as a blessing from God and a manifestation of intelligence and wisdom. There is a matter of chance, as well as the adversary's stupidity and mistakes. When cruelty comes to your door in vain, the most important thing is that you behave righteously, have a broad mind, noble sentiments and virtues, and stand on the side of morality and truth. Only then can talents come to join you. If you are equally stupid, tyrannical, and tyrannical as your opponent, who will join you? The strong attraction formed by one's own advantages should be the fundamental condition for talents to come and join us.
水往低处流，人往高处走。△凰总把高枝占。谁都不会效命 于无德无才、贪婪自私的主子。除了吸引力之外，还要懂得珍惜 和使用人才。优厚的礼遇必不可少，只讲道义不讲实惠肯定也是 不行的。委以重任的信任，更能使被使用者心里踏实。既然要用， 就放心大胆地用；如果心存疑虑，不如不用。古人说，用人不疑， 疑人不用。这话说的就是这个道理。用人成功了，事情也就成功 了一半。
Water flows to lower places, and people move to higher places. △Mr. Huang takes Gao Zhi. No one will serve a master who has no virtue, no talent, and is greedy and selfish. In addition to being attractive, you must also know how to cherish and use talents. Generous courtesy is indispensable, and it is definitely not possible to only talk about morality without paying attention to benefits. Trust entrusted with important tasks can make the users feel at ease. Since you want to use it, use it with confidence; if you have doubts, it is better not to use it. As the ancients said, don't trust people when you employ them, and don't use people when you doubt them. This is what is said. If you succeed in employing people, half the success will be achieved.
人才难得，优秀的人才更难得。自己的人才不要轻易放走，对 手送上门来的人才一定要牢牢抓住。成功的统治者总是这样做的。
Talents are rare, and excellent talents are even rarer. Don't let go of your own talents easily, and hold on tightly to the talents sent to you by your opponents. Successful rulers always do this.
