【Original text】
公薨之月①，子产相郑伯以如晋②，晋峰以我丧故，未之见也。 子产使尽坏其馆之垣而纳车马焉③。士文伯让之，曰④：“敝邑以政 刑之不修，寇盗充斥，无若诸侯之属辱在寡君者何⑤，是以令吏人 完客所馆，高其阚闳(6)，厚其墙垣，以无忧客使。今吾子坏之，虽 从者能戒，其若异客何？以敝邑之为盟主，缮完茸墙(7)，以待宾客。 若皆毁之，其何以共命(8)？寡君使訇请命(9)。”对曰：“以敝邑褊小， 介于大国，诛求无时(10)，是以不敢宁居，悉索敝赋，以来会时事(11)。 逢执事之不闲，而未得见；又不获闻命，未知见时。不敢输币(12)， 亦不敢暴露(13)。其输之，则君之府实也，非荐陈之(14)，不敢输也。其 暴露之，则恐燥湿之不时而朽蠢，以重敝邑之罪。侨闻文公之为 盟主也，宫室卑庳(15)，无观台谢(16)，以崇大诸侯之馆，馆如公寝(17)； 库厩缮修，司空以时平易道路(18)，污人以时幂馆宫室(19)；诸侯宾至， 甸设庭燎(20)，仆人巡宫，车马有所，宾从有代，巾车脂辖(21)，隶人、 牧、圉，各瞻其事(22)；百官之属各展其物；公不留宾(23)，而亦无废 事；忧乐同之，事则巡之，教其不知，而恤其不足。宾至如归，无 宁淄患(24)；不畏寇盗，而亦不患燥湿。今 缇之宫数里(25)，而诸侯 舍于隶人，门不容车，而不可逾越；盗贼公行。而天厉不戒(26)。宾 见无时，命不可知。若又匆坏，是无所藏币以重罪也。敢请执事， 将何所命之？虽君之有鲁丧，亦敝邑之忧也。若获荐币，修垣而 行，君之惠也，敢惮勤劳(27)？”文伯复命。赵文子曰：“信(28)。我实 不德，而以隶人之垣以赢诸侯(29)，是吾罪也。”使士文伯谢不敏焉。
In the month of the Duke's death ①, Zheng Bo, the prime minister of the son's birth, was like Jin ②. Jinfeng thought that I was dead, so I didn't see him. Zichan destroyed all the walls of the pavilion and left the chariots and horses there ③. Shi Wenbo let him go and said ④: "The government and punishments in our city have not been repaired, and there are many bandits and robbers. It is nothing like the humiliation of the princes' subordinates to the few kings. 5. Therefore, we ordered the officials to complete the guest houses, raise their Kan Hong (6), and thicken their walls, so that there is no need to worry about the guests. Now my son has broken it, even though I have broken it. If you follow me, why should I be a stranger? I will build the velvet wall (7) and wait for the guests. If they all destroy it, how can I ask for my order (9)? Being in a large country, there is no time to seek punishment (10), so I dare not stay in peace and ask for my gifts, so I can see the current affairs (11). If I don't get the order, I don't dare to lose the money (12), and I don't dare to expose it (13). If I lose it, it will be a real problem for the king. I don't dare to lose it (14). If it is exposed, it is feared that dryness and dampness will cause it to become stupid from time to time, and it will be the crime of ruining the city. The overseas Chinese heard that Wen Gong was the leader of the alliance, and the palace was humble (15), and there was no viewing platform to thank (16), so that the pavilion of the princes was revered, and the pavilion was like a public dormitory (17); the stables were repaired, and the roads were made easy (18). A court is set up in the palace (20), servants patrol the palace, chariots and horses have their places, guests follow their generation, and they are under the control of turbans, chariots, and fats (21). They are subordinate to people, shepherds, and people, and they all look after their own affairs (22); Feeling at home, no worries (24); not afraid of bandits and thieves, and no suffering from dampness. Today, Ti's palace is several miles away (25), but the princes are abandoned by their subordinates, and the gates cannot allow vehicles or pass through; thieves and thieves are free. But Tianli refused to quit (26). There is no time to see the guest, and the destiny is unknown. If it is broken in a hurry, it will be a serious crime because there is no money left to hide. If you dare to ask for a deacon, what order will you give him? Although the king is in mourning for Lu, he is also worried about the loss of the city. If you get a recommendation coin and build the wall, it will be a favor to you. Do you dare to work hard (27)? "Wenbo returned. Zhao Wenzi said: "Trust (28). I am really not virtuous, but I use people's walls to win over the princes (29). This is my crime. "The envoy Wen Bo thanked Bu Min Yan.
晋侯见郑伯，有加礼，厚其宴、好而归之(30)。乃筑诸侯之馆。 叔向曰：“辞之不可以已也如是夫！子产有辞，诸侯赖之，若之何 其释辞也(31)？《诗》曰：‘辞之辑矣，民之协矣；辞之绎矣，民之莫 矣(32)。’其知之矣。”
When the Marquis of Jin met Uncle Zheng, he gave him gifts, gave him a generous banquet, and returned home well (30). It is to build the pavilion of the princes. Shuxiang said: "It is impossible to say words anymore, that's why! Zichan has words, and the princes rely on them. How can they explain the words (31)? "Poetry" says: 'When the words are compiled, the people will cooperate; when the words are interpreted, the people will not understand them (32).' He knows it."
【注释】
【Note】
①公：指鲁襄公。薨（hcog）：诸侯死去叫薨。②相：辅佐。郑伯： 指郑简公。③坏：拆毁。馆垣：宾馆的围墙。、④士文伯：晋国大夫 士訇。让：责备。⑤属：臣属，属官。在：问候。(6)阚闳（han h6ng）。指馆舍的大门。(7)完：同“院”，指墙垣。茸：用草盖墙。 (8)共命：供给宾客所求。(9)请命：请问理由。(10)诛求：责求，勒索 贡物。无时：没有定时。(11)会：朝会。时事：随时朝贡的事。(12)输 币：送上财物。（13）暴露：露天存放。（14）荐陈：呈献并当庭陈列。 (15)卑庳（b i）：低小。(16)观：门阙。台：土筑高坛。(17)公寝：国君 住的宫室。(18)司空：负责建筑的官员。平易：平整。(19)圬人：泥水 工匠。幂（m i）：涂墙，粉刷。(20)甸：甸人，掌管柴火的官。庭燎：庭中 照明的火炬。(21)巾车；管理车辆的官。脂：指加油。辖。车轴头的挡铁。 (22)隶人；清洁工。瞻：看管。(23)不留宾：不让来客滞留。(24)淄： 同“灾”。(25) 缇（dT）之宫：晋侯的别宫，一在今山西沁县西南。 (26)天厉：天灾。不戒：无法防备。(27)惮(dan)：怕。(28)赵文子：晋 国大夫赵武。信；确实，可信。(29)垣。这里指房舍。赢：接待。(30) 加礼：礼节特别隆重。宴：宴会。好：指宴会上送给宾客的礼物。(31)释 辞：放弃辞令。(32)这四句诗出自《诗•大雅•板》。辑：和顺。协：融洽。 绎：同“怿’，喜悦。莫：安定。
① Gong: refers to Duke Xiang of Lu.薨(hcog): When a prince dies, it is called 薨. ②Phase: Assistant. Zheng Bo: refers to Zheng Jiangong. ③Bad: Destroyed. Guanyuan: The wall of the hotel. , ④Shi Wenbo: a scholar of the Jin Dynasty. Jean: Blame. ⑤ Belonging to: subordinate, official. In: Greetings. (6) Kan Hong (han h6ng). Refers to the main door of the building. (7) End: Same as "courtyard", referring to the wall. Rong: Use grass to cover the wall. (8) Gongming: Provide what the guests want. (9) Ask for orders: Please ask for the reason. (10) Zhuqiu: to demand, to extort tribute. No time: no time. (11) Hui: Chao Hui. Current affairs: matters about paying tribute at any time. (12) Lose coins: Send property. (13) Exposure: Storage in the open air. (14) Recommendation: presented and displayed in court. (15) Beigu (b i): low and small. (16) View: Gate. Platform: a high altar made of earth. (17) Gongben: The palace where the king lives. (18) Sikong: Official in charge of construction. Pingyi: flat. (19) Men people: mud craftsmen. Power (m i): Paint the wall, paint. (20) Dian: Dian people, officials in charge of firewood. Ting Liao: The torch that illuminates the courtyard. (21) Carriage; an official who manages vehicles. Fat: refers to oil. Jurisdiction. The stopper of the axle head. (22) Subordinate; cleaner. Zhan: to take care of. (23) No guests: Do not allow visitors to stay. (24) Zi: Same as "disaster". (25) Ti (dT) Palace: The villa of the Marquis of Jin, one located in the southwest of Qin County, Shanxi Province today. (26) Tianli: natural disaster. Don’t quit: unable to defend yourself. (27) Dan (dan): afraid. (28) Zhao Wenzi: Zhao Wu, a doctor of the Jin Dynasty. Believe; indeed, believable. (29) Yuan. This refers to the house. Win: Reception. (30) Adding gifts: The etiquette is particularly grand. Banquet: banquet. Good: Refers to the gifts given to guests at banquets. (31) Explanation: Give up rhetoric. (32) These four lines of poetry are from "Poetry·Daya·Ban". Editor: Heshun. Xie: Harmony. Interpretation: Same as "濿", joy. Mo: stability.
【译文】
【Translation】
鲁襄公死去的那个月，子产辅佐郑简公到晋国去，晋平公因 为鲁国有丧事的缘故，没有接见他们。子产派人把宾馆的围墙全 部拆毁，把自己的车马放进去。晋国大夫士文伯责备子产说：“敝 国由于政事和刑罚没有搞好，到处是盗贼，不知道对辱临敝国的 诸侯属官怎么办，因此派了官员修缮来宾住的馆舍，馆门造得很 高，围墙修得很厚，使宾客使者不会感到担心。现在您拆毁了围 墙，虽然您的随从能够戒备，那么对别国的宾客怎么办呢？由于 敝国是诸侯的盟主，修建馆会围墙，是用来接待宾客。如果把围 墙都拆了，怎么能满足宾客的要求呢？我们国君派我来请问你们 拆墙的理由。”子产回答说：“敝国国土狭小，处在大国的中间，大 国责求我们交纳贡物没有一定时候，所以我们不敢安居度日，只 有搜寻敝国的全部财物，以便随时前来朝见贵国。碰上您没有空， 没能见到，又没有得到命令，不知道朝见的日期。我们不敢进献 财物，又不敢把它们存放在露天。要是进献上，那就成了贵国君 王府库中的财物，不经过进献的丁式，是不敢进献的。如果把礼 物放在露天里，又怕日晒雨淋而腐烂生虫，加重敝国的罪过。我 听说文公从前做盟主时，宫室低小，没有门阙和台榭，”却把接待 宾客的馆舍修得十分高大，宾馆像国君的寝宫一样。仓库和马棚 也修得很好，司空按时平整道路，泥水工匠按时粉刷馆舍房间；诸 侯的宾客来到，甸人点起庭院中的火把，仆人巡视客舍，存放车 马有地方，宾客的随从有代劳的人员，管理车辆的官员给车轴加 油，打扫房间的，伺养牲口的，各自照看自己份内的事；各部门 的属官要检查招待宾客的物品；文公从不让宾客们多等，也没有 被延误了的事；与宾客同忧共乐，出了事随即巡查，有不懂的地 方就指教，有所 要就加以接济。宾客到来就好像回到家里一样， 哪里会有灾患啊；不怕有人抢劫偷盗，也不用担心干燥潮湿。现 在晋侯的 缇别宫方圆数里，却让诸侯宾客住在像奴仆住的房子 里，车辆进不了大门，又不能翻墙而入；盗贼公然横行，天灾难 防。接见宾客没有定时，召见命令也不知何时发布。如果还不拆 毁围墙，就没有地方存放礼品，我们的罪过就要加重。斗胆请教您 ，您对我们有什么指示？虽然贵国遇上鲁国丧事，可这也是敝 国的忧伤啊。如果能让我们早献上礼物，我们会把围墙修好了再走， 这是贵君的恩惠，我们哪敢害怕辛劳？”士文伯回去报告了。 赵文子说：“的确是这样。我们实在不注重培养德行，用像奴仆住 的房舍来招待诸侯，这是我们的过错啊；”于是，他派士文伯前去 道歉，承认自己不明事理。
In the month when Duke Xiang of Lu died, Zichan assisted Duke Jian of Zheng to go to the state of Jin. Duke Ping of Jin did not receive them because there was a funeral in the state of Lu. Zichan sent people to tear down all the walls of the hotel and put his carriages and horses inside. Wenbo, a senior official of the Jin State, reproached Zichan and said: "Our country has not done well in political affairs and punishment, and is full of thieves. We don't know what to do with the princes and officials who have insulted our country, so we sent officials to repair the halls where the guests live. The gates of the halls are very high and the walls are thick so that the guests and envoys will not be worried. Now that you have demolished the walls, although your entourage can be on guard, what should you do to the guests from other countries? Because Our country is the ally of the princes, and the palace walls are built to receive guests. If the walls are demolished, how can we satisfy the guests? Our monarch sent me to ask you why you demolished the walls." Zichan replied: "Our country is small and is in the middle of a big country. The big country requires us to pay tribute for a limited time, so we dare not live in peace. We are searching for all the property of our country so that we can come to your country at any time. Since you are not available, we have not been able to see you, and we have not received the order, and we do not know the date of the court meeting. We dare not offer the property, and we dare not store it in the open air. If we offer it, it will become the property of your king's palace. We dare not offer it without going through the ceremony. The things are left out in the open air, and they are afraid of being exposed to the sun and rain and causing them to rot and breed insects, which will aggravate the sins of our country. "I heard that when Wen Gong was the leader of the alliance, the palaces were small and had no gates or pavilions," but he built the guesthouses to be very tall, making the guesthouses look like the king's palace. The warehouses and stables were also well built, the roads were smoothed by the ministers on time, and the plasterers painted the rooms on time. There is a place for the horses, and there are people who serve as attendants for the guests. The officials who manage the vehicles oil the axles, those who clean the rooms, and those who tend the animals, all take care of their own affairs; the subordinate officials of each department have to check the items for the guests; There is no need to worry about robbery and theft, and there is no need to worry about dryness or dampness. Now the Tibie Palace of the Marquis of Jin is several miles away, but the guests of the princes cannot enter the gate, and they cannot climb over the wall. The thieves are openly rampant, and there is no danger of disaster. There is no time to receive guests, and no order to summon them will be issued. If the wall is not demolished, there will be no place to store the gifts, and our sins will be aggravated. "What instructions do you have for us? Although your country is in mourning, it is also our country's sorrow. If we can give you gifts early, we will repair the wall before leaving. This is your favor. How can we be afraid of hard work?" Shi Wenbo went back to report. Zhao Wenzi said: "That's true. We really don't pay attention to cultivating virtues and use houses like slaves to entertain the princes. This is our fault." So he sent Shi Wenbo to apologize and admit that he was ignorant.
晋平公以隆重的礼节接见了郑简公，宴会和礼品也格外优厚， 然后让郑简公回国。晋国接著建造了接待诸侯的宾馆。叔向说：“ 辞令不可废弃就是这样的啊！子产善于辞令，诸侯靠他的辞令 得到了好处，为什么要放弃辞令呢？《诗.大雅.板》中说：‘言辞 和顺，百姓融洽；言辞动听，百姓安宁。’子产大概懂的这个道理吧。”
Duke Ping of Jin received Duke Jiang of Zheng with great etiquette, and the banquet and gifts were particularly generous, and then he allowed Duke Jiang of Zheng to return home. Jin then built a hotel to accommodate the princes. Shuxiang said: "That's why rhetoric cannot be discarded!" Zichan was good at rhetoric, and the princes benefited from his rhetoric. Why should they give up rhetoric? "Poetry. Daya. Ban" says: "If you speak docilely, the people will be harmonious; if you speak pleasantly, the people will be peaceful." ’ Zichan probably understands this. "
【读解】
【Interpretation】
仅仅 因为国君没有接见，就动怒拆毁了该国客舍的围墙，还 以巧妙动听的言辞，说得对方连赔不是，不仅国君出来接见，而 且还礼遇有加，满意且满载而归。初看起来还有点过分，有点儿 太“那个”了，犯得著如此大动肝火，做出如此大胆的事儿来吗？
Just because the monarch did not receive him, he got angry and demolished the wall of the guesthouse of the country. He also used clever and pleasant words to make the other party apologize. Not only did the monarch come out to receive him, but he also treated him with great courtesy, satisfied and returned home with a full load. At first glance, it seems a bit too much, a bit too "that". Is it necessary to be so angry and do such a bold thing?
但是我们不要忘记了这件表面上看来有点儿荒唐的事情的背景。 晋国是个大国，强国，诸侯盟主，一方霸主。国君不出来接见 客人，是在摆谱儿，那架子，耍弄人，那藏而不露的意思是 要让人下跪，乞求，被愚弄。郑国是个小国，夹在大国当中受气， 此行是进去献贡物，是去“朝圣”，表示对盟主的恭敬和孝顺。
But let’s not forget the context of this seemingly absurd incident. Jin is a big country, a powerful country, the leader of princes and allies, and the overlord of one side. If the king does not come out to receive the guests, he is putting on airs, playing tricks on people, and hiding his secrets to make people kneel down, beg, and be fooled. The State of Zheng was a small country, and it was caught in the middle of a big country. This trip was to pay tribute and go on a "pilgrimage" to show respect and filial piety to the leader of the alliance.
明白了这个背景，我们就不得不对子产的所作所为令眼相看， 肃然起敬，佩服他的勇气和骨气。他的举动真有点儿犯上作乱的味道：你想捉弄我、拿架子摆谱儿？哼，没门儿！我就不吃这一 套，我比你更厉害，道高一尺，魔高一丈。于是，就大胆地、公开的、理直气壮把围墙给拆了，还批 得敌手理屈辞穷，态度陡 然一转。
Understanding this background, we have to look at what Zichan did with admiration, awe, and admire his courage and backbone. His behavior really sounded a bit like making trouble: Do you want to tease me and show off? Humph, no way! I won't follow this trick. I am more powerful than you. The Tao is one foot higher and the devil is one foot higher. So, he boldly, openly, and confidently demolished the wall, and even criticized his opponents to the point where they could not stand it, and his attitude suddenly changed.
这是讲的国与国之间的关系。国不分大小，地不分东西南北， 人不分多寡，财富不分贫富，大伙儿一律平等，以礼相待，、以诚 相待。这应当是国与国交往的前提。咱们现在的“和平共处五项 原则”，不也包含这方面的内容吗？
This is about the relationship between countries. There is no distinction between the size of the country, the land between east, west, north and south, the number of people, the wealth between rich and poor, everyone is equal and treats each other with courtesy and sincerity. This should be the prerequisite for state-to-state exchanges. Doesn’t our current “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence” also include this aspect?
这个原则也可以扩大到人与人之间的交往当中。人不分男女 老幼，黑白胖瘦，身份地位，权力大小，名气高低，大伙一律平 等，人人享有受人尊重的权利，也有尊重他人的义务。相待以诚， 相待以礼，相敬如宾，相互尊重，是起码的做人准则。上帝没有 赋予谁有特权可产藐视他人、愚弄他人、傲慢无礼、为所欲为、无 法无天、视他人为草芥。
This principle can also be extended to interactions between people. All people are equal regardless of gender, age or age, black or white, fat or thin, status, power or fame. Everyone has the right to be respected and has the obligation to respect others. Treating each other with sincerity, courtesy, respecting each other as guests, and respecting each other are the basic principles of life. God has not given anyone the privilege of despising others, making fools of others, being arrogant, doing whatever one wants, being lawless, and treating others like trivial matters.
俗话说，人穷志不短。上天赋予人的权利是平等的，并没有 对某某人另眼相看。四海之内，普天之下，大伙都同样头顶一片 废天，同样脚踏一方土地，生来是人，死了变鬼，没有谁更优越。
As the saying goes, poor people have short ambitions. The rights given to everyone by God are equal, and no one is treated differently. Within the four seas, all over the world, everyone has the same wasteland above their heads, and the same land with their feet. They are born as humans and become ghosts after death. No one is superior.
