【Original text】
初，伍员与申包胥友①。其亡也，谓申包胥曰：“我必复楚国②。” 申包胥曰：“勉之！子能复之，我必能兴之。”及昭王在随(3)；申包 胥如秦乞师④，曰：“吴为封豕长蛇⑤，以荐食上国(6)，虐始于边楚(7)。 寡君失守社稷，越在草莽(8)，使下臣告急曰：‘夷德无厌(9)，若邻于 君(10)，疆场之患也(11)。逮吴之未定(12)，君其取分焉。若楚之遂亡，君 之士也。若以君灵抚之。也以事君。’”秦伯使辞焉，曰：“寡人闻 命矣。子姑就馆，将图而告。”对曰：“寡君越在草莽，未获所伏，(13) 下臣何敢即安(14)？”立，依于庭墙而哭，日夜不绝声，勺饮不入口七日。秦哀公为之赋《无衣》(15)。九顿首而坐。秦师乃出。
At the beginning, Wu Yuan and Shen Baoxuyou①. When he died, Shen Baoxu said: "I will restore Chu State 2." Shen Baoxu said: "Encourage it! If you can restore it, I will be able to revive it." And King Zhao followed (3); Shen Baoxu was like a beggar from Qin 4, saying: "Wu was granted the title of pig and snake 5, and he recommended food to the country (6), and the abuse began at the border of Chu (7). The widowed ruler lost control of Sheji, and Yue was in the wilderness (8), so he sent an urgent message to his subordinates: "The barbarians are extremely virtuous (9), and if they are close to you (10), they will be in trouble on the battlefield (11). If Wu is to be captured (12), you will not be able to take your share. If the king of Chu dies, you will also be able to serve the king. '" Qin Bo envoy said: " The order is over. Zigu went to the pavilion and reported the situation. "I said to him, "I've been hiding in the grass, but I haven't been able to defeat you. (13) How dare you, my subordinates, to settle down?" He stood up and cried against the wall of the courtyard, without stopping for seven days. Duke Ai of Qin wrote the poem "No Clothes" (15). Jiu paused and sat down. Master Qin came out.
【注释】
【Note】
①申包胥：楚国大夫，包胥是字，申是他的食邑。②复：同“覆”， 颠覆。③昭王：楚平王的儿子，名壬。随：诸侯国名。④如：去到， 往。⑤封：大。豕：野猪。(6)荐：多次。食：侵食。(7)虐：侵 害，残害。③越，流亡。③夷：指吴国。德：这里指贪心。厌：满 足。(10)邻；接邻。(11)疆场：边界。(12)逮：及，趁。(13)所伏： 藏身之地，安身之地。(14)即安：到适当的地方去，指“就馆”。(15) 《无衣》：《诗•秦风》中的篇名。
①Shen Baoxu: A senior official in the state of Chu, Baoxu is the name, and Shen is his city. ②Fu: Same as "overturn", subversion. ③King Zhao: The son of King Ping of Chu, named Ren. Sui: the name of the vassal country. ④For example: go to, go. ⑤Seal: Large. Pig: wild boar. (6) Recommended: many times. Eat: Invade food. (7) Abuse: infringement, mutilation. ③ Yue, exile. ③ Yi: refers to the state of Wu. De: This refers to greed. Disgusted: satisfied. (10) Adjacent; adjacent. (11) Battlefield: border. (12) Catch: in time, take advantage of. (13) Ambush: A hiding place, a safe place. (14) Ji'an: Go to the appropriate place, which means "to stay in the hotel". (15) "Wu Yi": the title of the chapter in "Poetry·Qin Feng".
【译文】
【Translation】
当初，伍员和申包胥是朋友。伍员出逃吴国的时候，对申包 胥说；“我一定要颠覆楚国。”申包晋说：“努力吧！您能颠覆它， 我就一定能使它复兴。”到了楚昭王在随国避难的时候，申包胥到 秦国去请求出兵，他说：“吴国是头大野猪，是条长蛇，它多次侵 害中原各国，最先受到侵害的是楚国。我们国君守不住自己的国家，流落在荒草野林之中，派遣臣下前来告急求救说：‘吴国人的 贪心是无法满足的，要是吴国成为您的邻国，那就会对您的边界造成危害。趁吴国人还没有把楚国平定，您还是去夺取一部分楚 国的土地吧。如果楚国就此灭亡了，另一部分就是君王的土地了。 如果凭借君王的威灵来安抚楚国，楚国将世世代代事奉君王。’”秦 哀公派人婉言谢绝说：“我听说了你们的请求。您暂且住进客馆休 息，我们考虑好了再告诉您。”申包胥回答说：“我们国君还流落 在荒草野林之中，没有得到安身之所，臣下哪里敢就这样去客馆 休息呢？”申包胥站起来，靠著院墙痛哭，哭声日夜不停，连续七天没有喝一口水。秦哀公为申包胥作了《无衣》这首诗。申包胥 连著叩了九个头，然后才坐下。于是。秦国出兵了。
At first, Wu Yuan and Shen Baoxu were friends. When the soldiers fled the state of Wu, they said to Shen Baoxu: "I will overthrow the state of Chu." Shen Baoxu said: "Work hard! If you can overthrow it, I will definitely be able to revive it." When King Chu Zhao was taking refuge in Sui, Shen Baoxu went to Qin to request troops. He said: "The state of Wu is a big wild boar and a long snake. It has invaded many times. Among all the countries in the Central Plains, Chu was the first to be harmed. Our king could not defend his country and was living in the wilderness. He sent his ministers to ask for help and said: "The greed of the people of Wu cannot be satisfied. If Wu becomes your neighbor, it will cause harm to your borders. Before the people of Wu have conquered Chu, you should seize part of Chu's land. If Chu is destroyed, the other part will be the king's land." If you rely on the power of the king to appease the state of Chu, the state of Chu will serve the king for generations. '" Qin Aigong sent someone to politely decline and said, "I have heard of your request. You can stay in the guest house and rest for now. We will tell you after you think about it." Shen Baoxu replied: "Our king is still living in the wild grass and forests without a place to stay. How dare I go to the guest house like this. Where are you resting?" Shen Baoxu stood up and leaned against the courtyard wall, crying bitterly. He kept crying day and night and didn't drink a sip of water for seven consecutive days. Duke Ai of Qin wrote the poem "No Clothes" for Shen Baoxu. Shen Baoxu kowtowed nine times in succession before sitting down. then. Qin sent troops.
【读解】
【Interpretation】
我们在这里见到了另一种游说方式：动作表演。在言辞游说 不起作用的时候，就用动作来表演，并且坚持不懈，终于感动了 “上帝”，成功地达到了自己的目的。我们不得不佩服中包胥的表 演功夫，竟然可以哭上七天七夜，连水都没有喝一口。这个说法 虽然论人怀疑有添油加醋的夸张成分，但申包胥的这种精神，也够让人感动的了。
Here we see another form of lobbying: action performance. When words and persuasion didn't work, he used actions to perform and persevered. Finally, he moved "God" and successfully achieved his goal. We have to admire Zhong Baoxu's acting skills. He was able to cry for seven days and seven nights without even taking a sip of water. Although commentators suspect that this statement is an exaggeration, Shen Baoxu's spirit is quite touching.
这种做法，也可以叫做不择手段达到目的。申包胥对秦哀公 说的那番话，本来就是假托楚昭王的名义编造出来的，算得上是 “瞒天过海”。他在秦庭的痛哭，说不定也是灵机一动想出来的，叫 做“随机应变”吧。以一国之大夫的身份，顾不得什么脸面啦，体 统啦，身份啦，大胆放肆而又坚持不懈地在外国政府的官府中大 哭特哭、滴水不沾，是不是也有点“苦肉计”的味道？
This approach can also be called achieving the goal by any means necessary. What Shen Baoxu said to Duke Ai of Qin was originally fabricated in the name of King Zhao Zhao of Chu, which can be regarded as "hiding the truth from the truth". His crying in Qin Ting might have come up with an idea, which is called "adapting to circumstances". As a high official of a country, without caring about face, propriety or status, he boldly and unrestrainedly cries in the official offices of foreign governments without touching anything. Doesn't it also taste like a "bitter flesh trick"?
目的很简单：击败吴国，保住楚国，即“借刀杀人”。身为一个臣子，并未受国君之托，敢于如此胆大包天地擅自行动，确实 表现了为臣的忠诚不移的美德，也可以说体现了“爱国主义”精神吧。哪个国君有了这样的巨子，都是一种幸福，何愁成不了大事！
The purpose is simple: to defeat the Wu State and protect the Chu State, that is, "killing people with a borrowed knife." As a minister, without being entrusted by the monarch, he dared to act so boldly and without permission, which indeed showed the virtue of loyalty as a minister, and it can also be said to embody the spirit of "patriotism". It is a blessing for any king to have such a giant, so why worry about not being able to achieve great things!
可惜的是，这种表里如一、当面背后一个样儿的赤胆忠心的巨子太少了——不是没有，而是太少。
It is a pity that there are too few such brave and loyal giants who are the same on the outside and the same behind the scenes - it is not that there are none, but too few.
