【Original text】
十年春，及齐平。
Ten years of spring, and Qi Ping.
夏，公会齐侯于祝其(1)，实夹谷。孔丘相(2)。犁弥言于齐侯曰(3)：“ 孔丘知礼而无勇，若使莱人以兵劫鲁侯(4)，必得志焉。”齐侯从之。 孔丘以公退，曰：“士兵之(5)！两君和好，而裔夷之俘以兵乱之(6)， 非齐君所以命诸侯也。裔不谋夏，夷不乱华，俘不干盟，兵不偪好。于神为不祥 ，于德为愆义(7)，于人为失礼，君必不然。”齐侯闻之，遽辟之(8)。
In the summer, Guild Qihou Yu Zhuqi (1), actually clamped the valley. Kongqiu phase (2). Li Mi said to the Marquis of Qi (3): "Confucius knew etiquette but had no courage. If the Lai people used troops to rob the Marquis of Lu (4), they would definitely gain their ambitions." The Marquis of Qi followed. Confucius retired with the public, saying: "Soldiers (5)! The two monarchs are reconciled, but the captives of Yi Yi are in rebellion (6). This is not the reason why Qi Jun ordered the princes. The Yi does not seek Xia, the Yi does not disrupt China, the captives do not join the alliance, and the soldiers do not force the enemy to do well. It is unlucky for gods, unfaithful for virtue (7), and disrespectful for people. You must not do this." The Marquis of Qi heard this and suddenly dismissed it (8).
将盟，齐人加于载书曰(9)：“齐师出竟而不以甲车三百乘从我者(10)， 有加此盟！”孔丘使兹无还揖(11)，对曰：“而不反我汶阳之田、 吾以共命者(12)，亦如之！”
After making an alliance, the people of Qi added a letter to Zaishi (9): "If the Qi army comes out and does not follow me with three hundred armored chariots (10), who will join this alliance!" Confucius' envoy did not return the bow (11), and said to him: "If you don't rebel against our land in Wenyang, and we share our fate (12), the same is true!"
齐侯将享公。孔丘谓梁丘据曰(13)：“齐、鲁之故(14)，吾之何不闻焉？ 事即成矣，而又享之，是勤执事也。且牺、象不出门(15)，嘉乐不野合(16) 。飨而既具(17)，是弃礼也；若其不具，用秕稗也(18)。用秕稗， 君辱；弃礼，名恶。子盍图之！夫享，所以昭得也(19)。不昭，不如 其已也。”乃不果享(20) 。
The Marquis of Qi will enjoy public service. Confucius said to Liangqiu (13): "Why don't I hear about the reason of Qi and Lu (14)? When things are done and enjoy them, this is a diligent steward. And sacrifices and elephants do not go out (15), and Jiale does not go out together (16). Having a feast (17) is abandoning etiquette; if it does not have it, use straw and barnyard grass (18). Use barnyard grass, Disgrace to the king; abandonment of etiquette, the name is evil. The husband enjoys it, so it is not as good as his own (20).
齐人来归郓、讙、龟阴之田(21)。
The people of Qi came to return to the fields of Yun, Xi, and Guiyin (21).
【注释】
【Note】
(1)公：指鲁定公。齐侯：指齐景公。祝其：即夹谷，地名，在今山东莱芜 夹谷峪。(2)相：担任傧相，负责主持会议仪节。(3)犁弥：齐国大夫。(4) 莱：诸侯国名，姜姓，在今山东黄县，被齐国灭掉。(5)士兵之：命令士兵们拿起 武器冲上去。(6)裔夷：华夏地域以外的民族。(7)偪：同“逼”。偪好：逼迫友好 。愆：伤害。(8)遽(ju)：迅速，紧急。辟：同“避”。(9)载书：盟约。(10) 竟：同“境”。出竟：指出境作战。(11)兹无还：鲁国的大夫。(12)共：同：“ 供”。共命：供给齐国之命。(13)梁求据：齐景公的宠臣。(14)故：从前的典章制度。 (15)牺、象：即牺尊、象尊
(1) Gong: refers to Lu Dinggong. Qihou: refers to Qi Jinggong. Zhu Qi: That is Jiagu, the place name, in what is now Jiagu Valley in Laiwu, Shandong. (2) Prime Minister: Serves as the best minister and is responsible for presiding over the meeting etiquette. (3) Li Mi: A doctor of Qi State. (4) Lai: The name of the vassal state with the surname Jiang. It was destroyed by the Qi State in Huang County, Shandong Province today. (5) Soldier: Order the soldiers to pick up their weapons and charge forward. (6) Yiyi: ethnic groups outside the Chinese region. (7) Force: Same as "force". Force good: force to be friendly. Sui: hurt. (8)Ju (ju): quickly, urgently. Pi: Same as "avoid". (9) Book: Covenant. (10) Jing: Same as "realm". Chujing: refers to overseas combat. (11) I have no return: a doctor from the state of Lu. (12) Total: Same as: "for". Common destiny: supplying the destiny of Qi. (13) Liang Qiuyi: A favorite of Qi Jinggong. (14) Therefore: the previous rules and regulations. (15) Xi, Xiang: namely Xi Zun, Xiang Zun
，都是古时的酒器，外形像兽形。不出门：意思是只在朝会和庙堂使用。(16)嘉乐：指钟、磬等乐器。(17)具：齐备。
, are ancient wine vessels, shaped like animals. Not to go out: It means only used in court meetings and temples. (16) Jiale: refers to musical instruments such as bells and chimes. (17) Tools: Complete.
(18)秕(bi)：不饱满的谷物。稗(bai)：像禾的杂草。(19)昭：发扬光大。(20)果：实现。(21)郓（yun）、讙(huan)、龟阴：都是鲁国的邑名，全在汶水的北岸，即“汶阳之田”。
(18) 畕(bi): unfull grain. Barnyard (bai): grass-like weeds. (19) Zhao: carry forward. (20) Fruit: Realization. (21) Yun (yun), Huan (huan), and Guiyin: they are all the names of cities in the state of Lu. They are all located on the north bank of Wenshui River, that is, the "field of Wenyang".
【译文】
【Translation】
鲁定公十年春天，鲁国同齐国讲和。
In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Dinggong of Lu, Lu made peace with Qi.
夏天，鲁定公和齐景公在祝其会见，祝其实际上就是夹谷。孔子担任傧相。犁弥对 齐景公说：“孔丘懂得礼仪，但是没有勇气，如果派莱人用武力劫持鲁侯， 一定能够如愿。”齐景公听从了犁弥的话。孔子带着鲁定公往后退，并说：“士兵们快拿起武器冲上去！ 两国国君友好会见，而华夏之地以外的夷人俘虏却用武力来捣乱，这不是齐国国君命令诸侯会合的本意。华夏 以外的人不得图谋中原， 夷人不得触犯盟会，武力不能逼迫友好。这样做对神灵是不吉祥的，对德行也是伤害， 对人却是丧失礼仪，国君一定不会这样做。”齐景公听了这番话后，急忙叫 莱人避开。
In the summer, Lu Dinggong and Qi Jinggong met at Zhuqi, who was actually Jiagu. Confucius served as best man. Li Mi said to Qi Jinggong: "Confucius knows etiquette, but he has no courage. If you send Lai people to kidnap the Marquis of Lu by force, you will definitely be able to do what you want." Qi Jinggong listened to Li Mi's words. Confucius led Lu Dinggong back and said: "Soldiers, pick up your weapons and rush forward! The kings of the two countries met in a friendly manner, but the Yi captives outside the land of China used force to make trouble. This was not the original intention of the king of Qi to order the princes to meet. People outside of China are not allowed to plot in the Central Plains, and the Yi people are not allowed to offend the alliance. Forces cannot force friendship. Doing so is unlucky to the gods and harmful to morality. It is a loss of etiquette for others, and the king will never do this." After hearing this, Qi Jinggong hurriedly told the Lai people to stay away.
即将举行盟誓时，齐国人在盟书上加上了这样的话：“一旦齐国军队出境作战， 鲁国如果不派三百辆兵车跟随我们，就按此盟誓惩罚。”孔子让兹作揖回答说：“ 如果你们不归还我们汶水北岸的土地，却要让我们供给齐国的所需，也要按盟约 惩罚。”
When the oath of alliance was about to be held, the people of Qi added this sentence to the alliance letter: "Once Qi's army goes abroad to fight, if Lu does not send 300 chariots to follow us, we will be punished according to the alliance." Confucius asked Zi Zuoyi to reply: "If you do not return our land on the north bank of Wenshui River, but let us supply Qi's needs, we will also be punished according to the alliance."
齐景公准备设享礼款待鲁定公。孔子对梁丘据说：“齐国和鲁国 从前的典礼制度， 您怎么没听说过呢？盟会的事已经结束了，而又没有设享礼款待，这是让办事人 辛苦了。再说牺尊和象尊不出国门，钟磬不能野外合奏设享礼而全部具备牺象钟磬，这是抛弃了礼仪；如果这些东西不备齐，那就像用秕稗来款待，是国君的耻辱；抛弃礼仪则名声不好。您为什么不好好考虑一下呢？享礼是用来发扬光大德行的。 不能发扬光大，还不如不举行。”结果齐景公没有举行享礼。
Duke Jin of Qi was going to give a gift to Duke Din of Lu. Confucius said to Liangqiu: "How come you haven't heard of the ritual system of Qi and Lu in the past? The affairs of the alliance meeting are over, and there are no gifts and entertainment. This is to let the people in charge Thank you for your hard work. Besides, Xiang Zun and Xiang Zun cannot go out to enjoy the ceremony. If these things are not prepared, it will be like using barnyard to entertain, which is a shame for the monarch. Why don't you think about it? If the ceremony cannot be carried forward, it is better not to hold the ceremony.
冬天，齐国人向鲁国归还了郓邑、瓘邑和龟阴邑的土地。
In winter, the people of Qi returned the land of Yunyi, Guanyi and Guiyin to Lu.
【读解】
【Interpretation】
犁弥以为孔子“知礼而无勇”，实在是大大的看错了人。孔子何许人也？ 大成至圣先师，岂会像蓬蒿之辈所估量的！可惜那时的人都瞎了眼，有眼不识泰山，竟然轻贱、冷遇咱们的圣人。如果不是这样，孔夫子在春秋末年的日子要好过的多 。尽管他的日子也不算差，能够经常有肉吃，多亏他在学园中找到了自己的位置。
Li Mi thought that Confucius "knew propriety but had no courage", which was a huge misunderstanding. Who is Confucius? How could the most holy master of Dacheng be like what the people of Penghao estimate! It is a pity that people at that time were blind and could not see the mountains. They looked down upon and treated our saints coldly. If this were not the case, Confucius' life would have been much easier in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Although his life is not bad, he can always have meat to eat, thanks to him finding his place in the academy.
孔子的人格和思想的光辉，是人们后来逐渐认识到的他不仅提出了仁、义、礼、 智、信的学说，而且自己躬行实践，为子子孙孙树立了典范。这个故事中，孔子大义凛然 ，与妄自尊大、恃强凌弱的齐国军臣针锋相对，的确让我们肃然起敬， 油然而生景仰之情。
The brilliance of Confucius's personality and thought was that people gradually realized that he not only put forward the doctrine of benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and trustworthiness, but also practiced it himself, setting an example for future generations. In this story, Confucius's awe-inspiring righteousness and tit-for-tat confrontation with the arrogant and bullying military ministers of Qi really make us awe and admire him.
俗话说，兵来将挡，水来土掩。孔夫子一介书生，手无缚鸡之力，竟然以言辞喝退 夷人他凭的是什么？凭的是君子心中的浩然正气，是心中对道义的坚定的信念。 能够如此，死又有什么可怕？即使做了刀下鬼，精神也依然如苍松翠柏，万古长青。正如他老人家所说：“岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。”这不，他在危难之际掩护鲁侯，喝退众夷兵，不是为他自己的言论作了最好的注解吗？
As the saying goes, when soldiers come, they will be blocked, and when water comes, the soil will cover it up. Confucius, a scholar who had no power to tie a chicken, actually used words to drive away the barbarians. What did he rely on? It is based on the awe-inspiring righteousness in a gentleman's heart and his firm belief in morality. If this is possible, what's so scary about death? Even if he is killed by the sword, his spirit is still as green as pines and cypresses, everlasting. As his old man said: "When the years are cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither." No, he protected the Marquis of Lu in times of crisis and drove away the barbarian soldiers. Didn't he provide the best explanation for his own remarks?
至于动武之外的雕虫小技，就是不在圣人的话下，只需凭三寸不烂之舌， 便可一锤定音，使对手低头称服，不敢再有所造次。
As for the trivial skills other than the use of force, it is not necessary to rely on the words of a saint, but only on the smooth tongue, to make the final decision and make the opponent bow his head in submission and not dare to make any mistakes again.
孔子对付齐国军臣无礼的事迹，给我们以巨大的启发。那些外表上貌似强大、不可一世、骄横跋扈的人，并没有什么可怕的。他们没有三头六臂，内心很虚弱， 只有凭借恐吓、强权、阴谋来获取不义之财。因此对付他们并不太难，最简单最有效得到方法，是以眼还眼，以牙还牙，绝不在关键时刻表现出软弱，首先在心理和气势上 战胜对手，其他的便是水到渠成了。
Confucius's rude deeds against Qi's military ministers have given us great inspiration. There is nothing to fear from people who appear to be powerful, arrogant, and domineering. They have no head and six arms, and are very weak at heart. They can only obtain ill-gotten gains through intimidation, power, and conspiracy. Therefore, it is not too difficult to deal with them. The simplest and most effective way is to fight an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, and never show weakness at critical moments. First, defeat the opponent mentally and with momentum, and the rest will fall into place.
但是这也不是闹着玩的儿戏。内心空虚，没有道义、真理的依凭，只有表面上的强硬，那就成了蛮横，内心充实，才会有外部行为上的光辉。孔子的勇气来自哪里？ 来自他的“知礼”“有勇”是“知礼”的自然和必然的结果，而不是从天上掉下来 的。所以，切莫忘记了这个教训：知礼而有勇。
But this is no laughing matter. If the heart is empty and there is no basis for morality and truth, only superficial toughness will become arrogance. Only if the heart is full can there be brilliance in external behavior. Where did Confucius' courage come from? "Knowing propriety" and "having courage" from him are the natural and inevitable results of "knowing propriety", rather than falling from the sky. Therefore, never forget this lesson: know etiquette and be brave.
