【经】
五年春，晋侯杀其世子申生。杞伯姬来朝其子。夏，公孙兹如牟。公及齐侯、宋公、陈侯、卫侯、郑伯、许男、曹伯会王世子于首止。秋八月，诸侯盟于首止。郑伯逃归不盟。楚人灭弦，弦子奔黄。九月戊申朔，日有食之。冬，晋人执虞公。
In the spring of the fifth year, the Marquis of Jin killed his eldest son Shensheng. Qi Boji came to see her son. Xia, Gongsun Zirumu. The Duke, the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, the Marquis of Chen, the Marquis of Wei, Zheng Bo, Xu Nan, and Cao Bo met the prince's son at the head. In the eighth month of autumn, the alliance of princes came to an end. Zheng Bo fled back to Buxiang. The people of Chu destroyed the strings, and the strings ran to the yellow. In the ninth month of Wushenshuo, there will be an eclipse on the sun. In winter, the people of Jin were in charge of Duke Yu.
【传】
【Biography】
五年春，王正月辛亥朔，日南至。公既视朔，遂登观台以望。而书，礼也。凡分、至、启、闭，必书云物，为备故也。
In the spring of the fifth year, on the first day of the first month of the lunar month, the sun arrived in the south. After seeing Shuo, the Duke climbed up to the viewing platform to take a look. And books are also rituals. All points, arrivals, openings, and closings must be recorded in the clouds for precautions.
五年春季，周王朝历法的正月初一日，冬至。鲁僖公在太庙听政以后，就登上观台望云物，加以记载，这是合于礼的。凡是春分秋分、夏至冬至、立春立夏、立秋立冬，必定要记载云物，这是由于要为灾荒作准备的缘故。
In the spring of the fifth year, the first day of the first month in the Zhou Dynasty calendar was the winter solstice. After Duke Xi of Lu came to the Ancestral Temple to listen to the government, he climbed up to the observation platform to look at the clouds and make notes. This was in line with etiquette. Clouds must be recorded at the spring and autumn equinoxes, the summer solstice and the winter solstice, the beginning of spring and summer, and the beginning of autumn and winter. This is because it is necessary to prepare for disasters and famines.
晋侯使以杀大子申生之故来告。
The envoy of the Marquis of Jin came to report that he had killed the eldest son Shen Sheng.
晋献公派遣使者来报告杀害太子申生的原因。
Duke Xian of Jin sent an envoy to report the reason for the murder of Prince Shen Sheng.
初，晋侯使士蒍为二公子筑蒲与屈，不慎，置薪焉。夷吾诉之。公使让之。士蒍稽首而对曰：“臣闻之，无丧而戚，忧必仇焉。无戎而城，仇必保焉。寇仇之保，又何慎焉！守官废命不敬，固仇之保不忠，失忠与敬，何以事君？《诗》云：‘怀德惟宁，宗子惟城。’君其修德而固宗子，何城如之？三年将寻师焉，焉用慎？”退而赋曰：“狐裘尨茸，一国三公，吾谁适従？”及难，公使寺人披伐蒲。重耳曰：“君父之命不校。”乃徇曰：“校者吾仇也。”逾垣而走。披斩其祛（qū，衣袖），遂出奔翟。
At the beginning, the envoy of the Marquis of Jin built Pu and Qu for the second son, but accidentally set aside the salary. Yiwu complained. The minister gave way. The scholar looked at his head and said to him: "I heard this, I feel sorry for you without mourning, and you will have hatred if you are worried. If there are no soldiers in the city, you will have to protect your enemies. How can you be careful when protecting enemies from enemies? It is disrespectful for a guard to abandon his life, to protect the enemy against loyalty, and to lose loyalty and respect. How can we serve the king? "Poetry" says "Being virtuous and peaceful, the eldest son is the city." How can the city be like this if you cultivate virtue and strengthen the eldest son? How can you be careful when you look for a teacher in three years? Chong'er said: "Your father's orders are not corrected." Naiyi said: "I hate those who correct them." He crossed the wall and walked away. He cut off his sleeves and went out to Zhai.
当初，晋献公派士蒍为两位公子在蒲地和屈地筑城，不小心，城墙里放进了木柴。夷吾告诉晋献公。晋献公派人责备士蒍。士蒍叩头回答说：“臣听说：‘没有丧事而悲伤，忧愁必然跟着来到；没有兵患而筑城，国内的敌人必然据作守卫之用。’敌人既然可以占据，哪里用得着谨慎？担任官职而不接受命令，这是不敬；巩固敌人可以占据的地方，这是不忠。没有忠和敬，怎么能奉事国君？《诗经》说：‘心存德行就是安宁，宗室子弟就是城池。’君王只要修养德行而使同宗子弟的地位巩固，哪个城池能比得上？三年以后就要用兵，哪里用得着谨慎？”退出去赋诗说：“狐皮袍子蓬蓬松松，一个国家有了三个主人翁，究竟是谁我该一心跟从？”等到发生祸难，晋献公派遣寺人披攻打蒲城。重耳说：“国君和父亲的命令不能违抗。”并通告说：“抵抗的就是我的敌人。”重耳越墙逃走，寺人披砍掉了他的袖口，最后他逃亡到翟国。
At the beginning, Duke Xian of Jin sent Shi Jiang to build cities in Pudi and Qudi for his two sons. Firewood was accidentally put into the city walls. Yiwu told Duke Xiang of Jin. Duke Xiang of Jin sent someone to blame Shi Jiang. The scholar kowtowed and replied: "I have heard: 'If you are sad when there is no funeral, sorrow will definitely follow; if you build a city without military danger, the enemies in the country will definitely use it as a guard.' Since the enemy can occupy it, why is there any need to be cautious? Holding an official position and not accepting orders is disrespectful; consolidating the place that the enemy can occupy is disloyal. How can one serve the king without loyalty and respect? "The Book of Songs" says: 'Heart Virtue is peace, and the descendants of the clan are the city. 'As long as the king cultivates virtue and strengthens the status of his clan members, what city can compare with it? Three years later, there is no need to be cautious?" He left and wrote a poem: "There are three masters in a country, who should I follow wholeheartedly?" When disaster happened, Duke Xian of Jin sent eunuchs to attack Pucheng. Chong'er said: "You cannot disobey the orders of the king and father." He also announced: "Those who resist are my enemies." Chong'er escaped over the wall, but the eunuch Pi cut off his cuffs, and finally he fled to Zhai State.
夏，公孙兹如牟，娶焉。
In Xia, Gongsun Zirumu married Yan.
夏季，公孙兹到牟国，在那里娶了亲。
In the summer, Gongsunzi went to Mou State and got married there.
会于首止，会王大子郑，谋宁周也。
The meeting ended at the first end, meeting the king's eldest son Zheng, to seek peace in Zhou Dynasty.
鲁僖公和齐桓公、宋桓公、陈宣公、卫文公、郑文公、许僖公、曹昭公在首止相会，会见周王的太子郑，为的是安定成周。
Duke Xi of Lu and Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Huan of Song, Duke Chen Xuang, Duke Wen of Wei, Duke Wen of Zheng, Duke Xu Xi, and Duke Cao Zhao met at the first stop to meet the prince Zheng of the King of Zhou, in order to stabilize the Zhou Dynasty.
陈辕宣仲怨郑申侯之反己于召陵，故劝之城其赐邑，曰：“美城之，大名也，子孙不忘。吾助子请。”乃为之请于诸侯而城之，美。遂谮诸郑伯，曰：“美城其赐邑，将以叛也。”申侯由是得罪。
Chen Yuan Xuanzhong complained that Marquis Zheng Shen rebelled against him in Zhaoling, so he persuaded the city to be granted a city, saying: "It's a beautiful city. It has a great name that will be remembered by future generations. I will help my son to ask for it." So he asked the princes to build the city for it. It's beautiful. Then he ridiculed Zheng Bo and said, "If you give me a beautiful city, you will rebel." The Marquis of Shen was offended.
陈国的辕宣仲（涛涂）怨恨郑国的申侯在召陵出卖了他，所以故意劝申侯在所赐的封邑筑城，说：“把城筑得美观，名声就大些，子孙不会忘记。我帮助您请求。”就为申侯向诸侯请求而筑起城墙，筑得很美观。辕宣仲就在郑文公面前进谗言说：“把所赐封邑的城墙筑得那么美观，是准备将来用这城墙叛乱的。”申侯因此而获罪。
Xuanzhong (Taotu), the governor of Chen State, was resentful that Marquis Shen of Zheng State had betrayed him in Zhaoling, so he deliberately advised Marquis Shen to build a city in the fiefdom given to him, saying: "Build the city beautifully, and the reputation will be greater, and your descendants will not forget it. I will help you in your request." So Shen Marquis asked the princes to build a city wall, and built it very beautifully. Yuan Xuanzhong slandered him in front of Zheng Wengong and said: "The city wall that was given to the fiefdom was built so beautifully that he was preparing to use the wall to rebel in the future." Marquis Shen was convicted for this.
秋，诸侯盟。王使周公召郑伯，曰：“吾抚女以従楚，辅之以晋，可以少安。”郑伯喜于王命而惧其不朝于齐也，故逃归不盟，孔叔止之曰：“国君不可以轻，轻则失亲。失亲患必至，病而乞盟，所丧多矣，君必悔之。”弗听，逃其师而归。
In autumn, the princes allied themselves. The king sent Zhou Gong to summon Zheng Bo and said: "I will take care of my daughter to go to Chu and assist her in Jin, so that I can live in peace." Zheng Bo was happy with the king's order but was afraid that he would not go to Qi, so he fled back to the Qi Dynasty. Kong Shu stopped and said: "The king should not take it lightly, for it is a loss of relatives. The loss of relatives is bound to come. If you are sick and beg for allies, you will regret it." Hearing this, he ran away from his division and returned.
秋季，诸侯会盟。周惠王派周公召见郑文公，说：“我安抚你去跟随楚国，又让晋国辅助你，这就可以稍稍安定了。”郑文公对周惠王的命令感到高兴，又对没有朝见齐国感到惧怕，所以打算逃走回国而不参加盟誓。孔叔不让他走，说：“国君举动不能轻率，轻率就失掉了能亲近的人。失掉了能亲近的人，祸患必然来到。国家困难而去乞求结盟，所失掉的东西就多了。您一定会后悔。”郑文公不听，离开了军队潜逃回国。
In autumn, the princes gather to form an alliance. King Hui of Zhou sent Duke Zhou to summon Duke Wen of Zheng and said, "I will appease you to follow Chu and let Jin assist you, so that you can feel a little more settled." Zheng Wengong was happy with King Hui's order, but was also afraid of not having an audience with Qi, so he planned to escape and return home without taking the oath of alliance. Uncle Kong refused to let him go and said: "The monarch should not act rashly. If he is careless, he will lose the people he can get close to. If he loses the people he can get close to, disaster will inevitably come. If the country is in trouble and you go to beg for alliance, you will lose a lot. You will definitely regret it." Zheng Wengong refused to listen, left the army and fled back to the country.
楚斗谷於菟灭弦，弦子奔黄。于是江、黄、道、柏方睦于齐，皆弦姻也。弦子恃之而不事楚，又不设备，故亡。
Chu Dougu destroyed the string with the dodder, and the string ran to the yellow. So Jiang, Huang, Dao, and Bai were in harmony with each other, and they were all married. Xianzi relied on it and did not do anything about Chu, and he was not equipped, so he perished.
楚国的鬬穀於菟灭亡弦国，弦子逃亡到黄国。这时江、黄、道、柏四国和齐国友好，这些国家都和弦国有婚姻关系。弦子仗着这些关系而不去事奉楚国，又不设置防备，所以被灭亡。
The Chu State's Huigu Yutu destroyed the Xian State, and Xianzi fled to the Huang State. At this time, the four countries of Jiang, Huang, Dao, and Bai were friendly to Qi, and these countries all had marriage relations with Xian. Xianzi relied on these connections and did not serve the Chu State and did not set up defenses, so he was destroyed.
晋侯复假道于虞以伐虢。宫之奇谏曰：“虢，虞之表也。虢亡，虞必従之。晋不可启，寇不可玩，一之谓甚，其可再乎？谚所谓‘辅车相依，唇亡齿寒’者，其虞、虢之谓也。”公曰：“晋，吾宗也，岂害我哉？”对曰：大伯、虞仲，大王之昭也。大伯不従，是以不嗣。虢仲、虢叔，王季之穆也，为文王卿士，勋在王室，藏于盟府。将虢是灭，何爱于虞？且虞能亲于桓，庄乎，其爱之也？桓、庄之族何罪，而以为戮，不唯逼乎？亲以宠逼，犹尚害之，况以国乎？”公曰：“吾享祀丰洁，神必据我。”对曰：“臣闻之，鬼神非人实亲，惟德是依。故《周书》曰：‘皇天无亲，惟德是辅。’又曰：‘黍稷非馨，明德惟馨。’又曰：‘民不易物，惟德繄物。’如是，则非德，民不和，神不享矣。神所冯依，将在德矣。若晋取虞而明德以荐馨香，神其吐之乎？”弗听，许晋使。宫之奇以其族行，曰：“虞不腊矣，在此行也，晋不更举矣。”
The Marquis of Jin returned to Yu and attacked Guo. Gong Zhiqi admonished: "Guo is the epitome of Yu. If Guo dies, Yu will surely kill him. Jin cannot start, and bandits cannot play with him. What is one thing, how can it be more? As the proverb says, 'auxiliary chariot prime minister' "Yi, the lips are dead and the teeth are cold," they are called Yu and Guo. "The Duke said: "Jin is my sect, how can it harm me?" He said to him: Uncle, Yu Zhong, the great king. If the uncle is not pregnant, he will not have an heir. Guo Zhong and Guo Shu, Wang Jizhimuye, were ministers of King Wen. They were honored in the royal family and hid in the alliance mansion. If Guo is destroyed, why love Yu? And if Yu could be close to Huan, how could he love Zhuang? What is the crime of the Huan and Zhuang clans? Isn't it just forcing them to kill them? If a person is favored and forced to do harm, how about harming the country? "The duke said: "I enjoy the abundance and purity of the sacrifices, and the gods will take possession of me. He replied: "I have heard that ghosts and gods are not real relatives of humans, but only virtue." Therefore, "Book of Zhou" says: "Emperor and Heaven have no relatives, only virtue is their assistant." ’ He also said: ‘Millet and millet are not fragrant, but bright virtue is fragrant. ’ He also said: ‘People don’t change things, but they are virtuous. ’ If this is the case, it is not virtuous, the people will not be in harmony, and the gods will not enjoy it. God's place of worship will be in virtue. If the Jin Dynasty takes Yu and shows its virtue and recommends fragrant fragrance, will God spit it out? "Fu Ting, Xu Jin envoy. Gong Zhiqi followed his clan and said, "Yu Bu La is here. If you are here, Jin will not be promoted." "
晋献公再次向虞国借路进攻虢国。宫之奇劝阻说：“虢国是虞国的外围，虢国灭亡，虞国必定跟着完蛋。晋国的野心不能让他打开，引进外国军队不能忽视。一次已经够了，难道还可以来第二次吗？俗话说的‘大车的板和车子互相依存，嘴唇缺了，牙齿便受冷寒’，这说的就是虞国和虢国的关系。”虞公说：“晋国是我的宗族，难道会害我吗？”宫之奇回答说：“太伯、虞仲，是太王的儿子。太伯没有随侍在侧，所以没有继位。虢仲、虢叔，是王季的儿子，做过文王卿士，功勋在于王室，受勋的记录还藏在盟府。晋国准备灭掉虢国，对虞国又有什么可爱惜的？况且虞国能比晋国的桓叔、庄伯更加亲近吗？如果他们爱惜桓叔、庄伯，这两个家族有什么罪过，但是却被杀戮，不就是因为使他们感到受到威胁吗？亲近的人由于受宠就威胁公室，尚且被无辜杀害，何况对一个国家呢？”虞公说：“我祭祀的祭品丰盛又清洁，神明必定保佑我。”宫之奇回答说：“下臣听说，鬼神并不是亲近哪一个人，而只是依从有德行的人，所以《周书》说：‘上天没有私亲，只对有德行的才加以辅助。’又说：‘祭祀的黍稷不芳香，美德才芳香。’又说：‘百姓不能变更祭祀的物品，只有德行才可以充当祭祀的物品。’这样看来，那么不是道德，百姓就不和，神明也就不来享用祭物了。神明所凭依的，就在于德行了。如果晋国占取了虞国，发扬美德作为芳香的祭品奉献于神明，神明难道会吐出来吗？”虞公不听，答应了晋国使者的要求。宫之奇带领了他的族人出走，说：“虞国过不了今年的腊祭了。就是这一次，晋国不必再次出兵了。”
Duke Xian of Jin once again borrowed a road from the State of Yu to attack the State of Guo. Gong Zhiqi dissuaded him and said: "Guo State is the outskirts of Yu State. If Guo State dies, Yu State will definitely die with it. Jin State's ambitions cannot be opened up, and the introduction of foreign troops cannot be ignored. Once is enough, can it be done a second time?" ? As the saying goes, "The boards of the cart are dependent on each other, and if the lips are missing, the teeth will be cold." This refers to the relationship between the Yu State and the Guo State. "Yu Gong said: "The Jin State is my clan, will it harm me?" Gong Zhiqi replied. Said: "Taibo and Yu Zhong are the sons of the king. Taibo did not have any attendants, so he did not succeed. Guo Zhong and Guo Shu are the sons of Wang Ji. They served as ministers of King Wen. Their merits are in the royal family, and the records of their honors are still hidden in the alliance mansion. Jin The state is preparing to destroy the state of Guo, why should they cherish the state of Yu? Moreover, can the state of Yu be closer to Uncle Huan and Uncle Zhuang of Jin? If they cherished Uncle Huan and Uncle Zhuang, what sin did these two families have, but they were killed? Is it because they feel threatened? If someone close to him threatens the official position and is innocently killed because of his favor, how much more will he do to a country? "Yu Gong said: "My sacrifices are rich and clean, and the gods will definitely protect me. Gong Zhiqi replied: "I heard that ghosts and gods are not close to anyone, but only obey virtuous people. Therefore, "Book of Zhou" says: "God has no personal relatives, and only assists those who are virtuous." It also says: "Sacrifice." "The millet is not fragrant, but virtue is fragrant." He also said: "The people cannot change the items for sacrifice, and only virtue can be used as sacrificial items." From this point of view, if it is not moral, the people will be discordant, and the gods will not come to enjoy it. The gods rely on virtue. If the Jin State takes over the Yu State and offers fragrant sacrifices to the gods, will the gods spit it out?" Duke Yu refused to listen and agreed to the Jin envoy's request. Gong Zhiqi led his people away and said: "The State of Yu will not be able to survive this year's wax festival. This time, the State of Jin does not need to send troops again."
八月甲午，晋侯围上阳。问于卜偃曰：“吾其济乎”？对曰：“克之。”公曰：“何时？”对曰：“童谣云：‘丙之晨，龙尾伏辰，均服振振，取虢之旂。鹑之贲贲，天策焞焞，火中成军，虢公其奔。’其九月、十月之交乎。丙子旦，日在尾，月在策，鹑火中，必是时也。”
On the day of Jiawu in August, the Marquis of Jin surrounded Shangyang. Asked Bu Yan: "How can I help you?" He said: "Conquer it." The Duke said: "When?" He said: "The nursery rhyme goes: 'In the morning of Bing, the dragon's tail is lying in the morning, all vibrating, and taking the flag of Guo. The quails are running, and the heavens are making corn, and the army is formed in the fire, and the Duke of Guo is running.' It is the turn of September and October. Bingzi day, the sun is at the end, the moon is in the policy, and the quails are in the fire, it must be the right time."
八月某一天，晋献公包围上阳。问卜偃说：“我能够成功吗？”卜偃回答说：“能攻下。”晋献公说：“什么时候？”卜偃回答说：“童谣说：‘丙子日的清早，龙尾星为日光所照；军服威武美好，夺取虢国的旗号。鹑火星像只大鸟，天策星没有光耀，鹑火星下整理军队，虢公将要逃跑。’这日子恐怕在九月底十月初吧！丙子日的清晨，日在尾星之上，月在天策星之上，鹑火星在日月的中间，一定是这个时候。”
One day in August, Duke Xiang of Jin surrounded Shangyang. Asked Bu Yan: "Can I succeed?" Bu Yan replied: "I can capture it." Duke Xiang of Jin asked: "When?" Bu Yan replied: "The nursery rhyme says: 'Early in the morning on Bingzi day, the dragon's tail star is illuminated by the sun; the military uniforms are majestic and beautiful, seizing the flag of the Guo Kingdom. Quail Mars Like a big bird, the Tiance star is not shining, the Quail Mars is organizing the army, and Guo Gong is about to flee. 'This day must be at the end of September or the beginning of October! In the early morning of Bingzi day, the sun is above the Tiance star, and the Quail Mars is between the sun and the moon. It must be this time."
冬十二月丙子朔，晋灭虢，虢公丑奔京师。师还，馆于虞，遂袭虞，灭之，执虞公及其大夫井伯，以媵秦穆姬。而修虞祀，且归其职贡于王。
On the first day of the twelfth lunar month in winter, Jin destroyed Guo, and Duke Chou of Guo fled to the capital. When the army returned, it was stationed in Yu, so it attacked Yu and destroyed it. It captured Yu Gong and his official Jing Bo, and concubines Qin Muji. Then he established the Yu Sacrifice and paid tribute to the king according to his duties.
冬季，十二月初一日，晋国灭掉了虢国。虢公丑逃亡到京城。晋军回国，住在虞国，乘机袭击虞国，灭亡了它。晋国人抓住了虞公和他的大夫井伯，把井伯作为秦穆姬的陪嫁随员，但并不废弃虞国的祭祀，而且把虞国的赋税归于周王。
In winter, on the first day of the twelfth lunar month, the Jin State destroyed the Guo State. Duke Guo Chou fled to the capital. The Jin army returned home and lived in the State of Yu. They took the opportunity to attack the State of Yu and destroyed it. The people of Jin captured Duke Yu and his doctor Jing Bo, and took Jing Bo as a dowry attendant of Qin Muji. However, they did not abandon the sacrifices of Yu State, and attributed the taxes of Yu State to the King of Zhou.
故书曰：“晋人执虞公。”罪虞，且言易也。
The old book says: "The people of Jin are in charge of Duke Yu." It is easy to say that he is guilty of Yu.
所以《春秋》记载说“晋人执虞公”，这是归罪于虞国，而且说事情进行得太容易。
Therefore, the "Spring and Autumn Annals" records that "the people of Jin were in charge of Duke Yu", which was attributed to the state of Yu and said that things were carried out too easily.
