【经】
二十有二年春，公伐邾，取须句。夏，宋公、卫侯、许男、滕子伐郑。秋八月丁未，及邾人战于升陉。冬十有一月己巳朔，宋公及楚人战于泓，宋师败绩。
In the spring of the second year of the twentieth year, the Duke attacked Zhu and captured Xuju. In the summer, Duke Song, Marquis Wei, Xu Nan, and Teng Zi attacked Zheng. At the end of the eighth month of autumn, at the end of the twelfth lunar month, the Zhu people fought at Shengxing. On the first day of winter, on the first day of the lunar month, Song Gong and the Chu people fought at Hong, and the Song army was defeated.
【传】
【Biography】
二十二年春，伐邾，取须句，反其君焉，礼也。
In the spring of the 22nd year, when he attacked Zhu, he took Xuju and rebelled against his lord, which was also etiquette.
二十二年春季，鲁国讨伐邾国，占领须句，护送须句的国君回国，这是符合礼的。
In the spring of the 22nd year, the state of Lu attacked the state of Zhu, occupied Xuju, and escorted the king of Xuju back to his country. This was in line with etiquette.
三月，郑伯如楚。
In March, Zheng Boru Chu.
三月，郑文公到楚国去。
In March, Duke Wen of Zheng went to Chu State.
夏，宋公伐郑。子鱼曰：“所谓祸在此矣。”
In the summer, Song Gong attacked Zheng. Ziyu said: "This is the so-called disaster."
夏季，宋襄公进攻郑国。子鱼说：“所说的祸乱就在这里了。”
In summer, Song Xianggong attacked Zheng Guo. Ziyu said: "The trouble mentioned is here."
初，平王之东迁也，辛有适伊川，见被发而祭于野者，曰：“不及百年，此其戎乎！其礼先亡矣。”秋，秦、晋迁陆浑之戎于伊川。
At the beginning, when King Ping moved to the east, Xin You came to Yichuan. When he saw those who were sent to sacrifice in the wild, he said: "It will take less than a hundred years for this to be a rong! The rituals have perished first." In the autumn, Qin and Jin moved Lu Hun's rong to Yichuan.
当初，周平王向东迁都洛阳的时候，辛有到了伊川，见到披着头发在野外祭祀的人，说：“不到一百年，这里就要变成戎人居住的地方了！它的礼仪先就消失了。”秋季，秦国和晋国把陆浑之戎迁到伊川。
When King Ping of Zhou moved his capital eastward to Luoyang, Xin You arrived in Yichuan and saw people offering sacrifices in the wild with their hair down. He said, "In less than a hundred years, this place will become a place where Rong people live! Its etiquette will disappear first." In autumn, Qin and Jin moved Lu Hun's Rong to Yichuan.
晋大子圉为质于秦，将逃归，谓嬴氏曰：“与子归乎？”对曰：“子，晋大子，而辱于秦，子之欲归，不亦宜乎？寡君之使婢子侍执巾栉，以固子也。従子而归，弃君命也。不敢従，亦不敢言。”遂逃归。
The eldest son of Jin, Yu, was held hostage by Qin and was about to flee back. He asked the Ying family, "Are you going back with me?" He said to him, "My eldest son, the eldest son of Jin, has been humiliated by Qin. Isn't it appropriate for him to want to return? The prince sent his maidservant to hold a scarf and a comb to stabilize his son. Returning with his son is abandoning the king's order. He dare not hesitate or say anything." Then he fled back.
晋国的太子圉在秦国作人质，准备逃回晋国，对嬴氏说：“跟你一起回去么？”嬴氏说：“你是晋国的太子而屈居在秦国。你想回去，不也很应该吗？我国君主让婢子侍候你，为你捧着手巾梳子，是为了使你安心，跟你回去，就丢弃了国君的命令。我不敢跟从，也不敢泄露。”太子圉就逃回晋国。
Prince Yu of Jin was a hostage in Qin and was about to escape back to Jin. He asked Ying, "Will I go back with you?" Ying said, "You are the prince of Jin and you have to live in Qin. You want to go back, isn't it right?" ? Our king asked his maid to serve you, hold a towel and comb for you, in order to reassure you and go back with you, so I didn't dare to follow the king's order, and I didn't dare to reveal it." Prince Yu fled back to Jin.
富辰言于王曰：“请召大叔。《诗》曰：‘协比其邻，昏姻孔云。’吾兄弟之不协，焉能怨诸侯之不睦？”王说。王子带自齐复归于京师，王召之也。
Fu Chen said to the king: "Please summon the uncle. "Poetry" said: 'Association is better than that of its neighbors, and marriage to Kong Yun is faint.' My brothers are not in harmony, how can I blame the princes for their disharmony?" said the king. The prince brought Ziqi back to the capital, and the king called him.
富辰对周襄王说：“请您把太叔召回来。《诗》说：‘和他的邻居融洽，姻亲才能友好。’我国兄弟都不融洽，哪里能埋怨诸侯的不顺服？”周襄王听了很高兴。王子带从齐国回到京师，这是周襄王把他召回来的。
Fuchen said to King Zhou Xiang: "Please call Taishu back. "Poetry" said: 'Only when you are harmonious with his neighbors can your in-laws be friendly.' The brothers in our country are not harmonious, so how can we complain about the disobedience of the princes?" King Zhou Xiang was very happy to hear this. The prince brought him back to the capital from Qi, and it was King Zhou Xiang who called him back.
邾人以须句故出师。公卑邾，不设备而御之。臧文仲曰：“国无小，不可易也。无备，虽众不可恃也。《诗》曰：‘战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。’又曰：‘敬之敬之，天惟显思，命不易哉！’先王之明德，犹无不难也，无不惧也，况我小国乎！君其无谓邾小。蜂虿有毒，而况国乎？”弗听。
Zhu people started teaching because of Xu Ju. The public is humble, and he can control it without equipment. Zang Wenzhong said: "No country is small, so it cannot be easy. If it is unprepared, even if there are many people, it cannot be relied on." "Poetry" said: "Warring and trembling, like facing an abyss, like walking on thin ice." He also said: "Respect and respect." , God is thinking, life is not easy! "The great virtue of the former king is not difficult, but it is not easy to be afraid of it! How can you say that the bees and grasshoppers are poisonous to the country?"
邾人由于鲁国帮助须句的缘故出兵攻打鲁国。僖公轻视邾国，不作准备便去抵御。臧文仲说：“国家无所谓弱小，不能轻视。没有准备，人虽然众多，还是不足依靠的。《诗》说：‘战战兢兢，如同面向深渊，如同踩着薄冰。’又说：‘谨慎又谨慎，上天光明普照，得到上天保佑不容易啊！’以先王的美德，还没有不困难、没有不戒惧的，何况我们小国呢？君王不要认为邾国弱小，黄蜂、蝎子都有毒，何况一个国家呢？”僖公不听。
The Zhu people sent troops to attack Lu because Lu helped Xuju. Duke Xi despised Zhu State and went to resist without making preparations. Zang Wenzhong said: "A country is not weak and should not be underestimated. Without preparation, even though there are many people, there is still not enough to rely on. "Poetry" said: "Trembling with fear is like facing an abyss, like stepping on thin ice." He also said: "Be careful and cautious, the sky is bright. It's not easy to get God's blessing! "With the virtue of the former king, there is nothing that is not easy to be afraid of, let alone our small country? The king should not think that Zhu country is weak, wasps and scorpions are poisonous, let alone a country."
八月丁未，公及邾师战于升陉，我师败绩。邾人获公胄，县诸鱼门。
At the end of the eighth month, the Duke and Zhu divisions fought at Shengxing, and our division was defeated. The people of Zhu were given official titles, and all the fish gates in the county were captured.
八月初八日，僖公率军与邾军在升陉作战，我军大败。邾军获得僖公的头盔，挂在鱼门上。
On the eighth day of the eighth month, Duke Xi led his army to fight against the Zhu army at Shengxing, and our army was severely defeated. Zhu's army obtained Duke Xi's helmet and hung it on the fish gate.
楚人伐宋以救郑。宋公将战，大司马固谏曰：“天之弃商久矣，君将兴之，弗可赦也已。”弗听。
The Chu people attacked Song Dynasty to save Zheng. When Song Gong was about to fight, Grand Sima Gu admonished him, saying: "Heaven has abandoned Shang for a long time, and your general is reviving it, so I cannot forgive him." He didn't listen.
楚人进攻宋国以救援郑国。宋襄公准备应战，大司马固劝阻说：“上天丢弃我们商朝后代已经很久了，您想复兴它，这是违背上天而不能被赦免的。”宋襄公不听。
The Chu people attacked Song to rescue Zheng. Duke Xianggang of Song Dynasty was about to challenge him, but Sima Gu tried to dissuade him, saying: "God has abandoned our descendants of the Shang Dynasty for a long time. You want to revive it. This is against God and cannot be forgiven." Duke Xianggang of Song Dynasty refused to listen.
冬十一月己巳朔，宋公及楚人战于泓。宋人既成列，楚人未既济。司马曰：“彼众我寡，及其未既济也请击之。”公曰：“不可。”既济而未成列，又以告。公曰：“未可。”既陈而后击之，宋师败绩。公伤股，门官歼焉。
On the first day of the eleventh month of winter, Song Gong and the Chu people fought at Hong. The people of Song Dynasty were already in line, but the people of Chu were not ready to help. Sima said: "I have few of them. Please attack them even if they haven't helped yet." The Duke said: "No." Since they have helped but haven't formed a line, they have to attack them. The duke said: "It's impossible." After Chen Chen attacked him, the Song army was defeated. The generals were injured, and the gate officials wiped them out.
冬季，十一月初一日，宋襄公与楚国人在泓水边上作战。宋军已经排成队列，楚军还没有全部渡过河。司马说：“他们兵多，我们兵少，趁他们没有全部渡过河的时候，请君王下令攻击他们。”宋襄公说：“不行。”楚军渡过河以后还没有排开阵势，司马又把刚才的情况报告宋襄公。宋襄公说：“还不行。”等楚军摆开阵势然后才攻击他们，宋军被打得大败，宋襄公大腿后受箭伤，跟随宋襄公的卿大夫子弟任护卫的被歼灭。
In winter, on the first day of the eleventh month, Song Xianggong and the people of Chu were fighting on the edge of Hongshui. The Song army has formed a queue, but the Chu army has not yet crossed the river. Sima said: "They have more soldiers and we have fewer soldiers. Before they can all cross the river, please ask the king to order an attack on them." Song Xianggong said: "No." After the Chu army crossed the river, they had not yet formed their formation, so Sima reported the situation to Song Xianggong again. Song Xianggong said: "It's not enough yet." He waited for the Chu army to set up their formation and then attacked them. The Song army was severely defeated.
国人皆咎公。公曰：“君子不重伤，不禽二毛。古之为军也，不以阻隘也。寡人虽亡国之余，不鼓不成列。”子鱼曰：“君未知战。勍（qíng，强大）敌之人隘而不列，天赞我也。阻而鼓之，不亦可乎？犹有惧焉。且今之勍者，皆吾敌也。虽及胡耉（gǒu），获则取之，何有于二毛？明耻教战，求杀敌也，伤未及死，如何勿重？若受重伤，则如勿伤；爱其二毛，则如服焉。三军以利用也，金鼓以声气也。利而用之，阻隘可也；声盛致志，鼓儳（chán，不整齐）可也。”
Everyone in the country blames the public. The Duke said: "A gentleman is not seriously injured, and he is not a bird. In ancient times, the army was not to block the passes. Even if the country is destroyed, I will not beat the drums and form a line." Ziyu said: "You don't know how to fight. Qing (qíng, strong) The enemy's people are not in the lines, and God praises me. Isn't it okay to block and drum? Still there is fear. And today's Qings are all our enemies. Even though they are in line, Hu Lai (gǒu), get it, what's the use of Ermao? If you want to kill the enemy, how can you not hurt him seriously? If you love his Ermao, it's like obeying him. The three armies use it, and the golden drum can be used to block the pass;
都城里的人都责怪宋襄公。宋襄公说：“君子不两次伤害敌人，不擒捉头发花白的敌人。古代的作战，不靠关塞险阻取胜。寡人虽然是殷商亡国的后裔，不攻击没有摆开阵势的敌人。”子鱼说：“国君不懂战争。强大的敌人，由于地形狭隘而没有摆开阵势，这是上天在帮助我，把他们拦截而攻击，不也是可以的吗？可是还害怕不能取胜。现在强大的国家，都是我们的敌人，虽然是老头子，捉了也不能放，管什么头发花白不花白。说明国家耻辱是什么，以此教导士兵作战，目的就是为了多杀敌人。敌人受伤而没有死，为什么不可以再次打击他一次？如果爱惜敌人伤员而不再打击，就应该一开始就不伤害他；爱惜那些头发花白的人，就不如向他们投降。军队，由于有利才加以使用；战鼓雷鸣，是用声音来激励士气。有利而使用，在狭路攻击是可以的；鼓声大作鼓舞了士气，攻击没有摆开阵势的敌人也是可以的。”
Everyone in the capital blamed Song Xianggong. Song Xianggong said: "A gentleman will not hurt the enemy twice, nor capture the enemy with gray hair. Ancient battles did not rely on obstacles and obstacles to win. Although I am a descendant of the Yin and Shang Dynasty, I will not attack the enemy who has not set up a battle array." Ziyu said: "The king does not understand war. A powerful enemy, Because the terrain is narrow and I didn’t set up a battle formation, this is God helping me. Isn’t it possible to intercept them and attack them? But we are still afraid of not being able to win. Nowadays, powerful countries are our enemies. Even if they are old men, they cannot be released, no matter how gray their hair is. Not in vain. Explain what national shame is, and use it to teach soldiers that the purpose of fighting is to kill more enemies. If the enemy is injured but not dead, why can't we attack him again? If we cherish the enemy's wounded and not attack him again, we should not hurt him in the first place; cherish those who are injured. It is better for those with gray hair to surrender to them. The army is used because it is advantageous; the sound of drums and thunder is used to boost morale. It is okay to attack in a narrow road; the sound of drums is used to boost morale, and it is also okay to attack the enemy who has not set up a position. "
丙子晨，郑文夫人羋氏、姜氏劳楚子于柯泽。楚子使师缙示之俘馘(guó，割战俘左耳计数献功)。君子曰：“非礼也。妇人送迎不出门，见兄弟不逾阈，戎事不迩女器。”
In the early morning of Bingzi, Mrs. Zheng Wen's wife Mi and Jiang brought Chuzi to Keze. Chuzi sent his master Jin to show off the captives. The gentleman said: "It is not polite. A woman should not go out to greet her, she should not go beyond the threshold when meeting her brothers, and she should not use her female utensils in military affairs."
十一月初八日早晨，郑文公夫人芈氏、姜氏在柯泽慰劳楚成王。楚成王派师缙把俘虏和被杀死的敌人的左耳给他们看。君子说：“这是不合于礼的。女人送迎不出房门，和兄弟相见不出门槛，打仗时不接近女人的用具。”
On the morning of November 8th, Mrs. Mi and Jiang, the wives of Duke Wen of Zheng, visited King Chu Cheng in Keze. King Chu Cheng sent Shi Jin to show them the left ears of the prisoners and killed enemies. The gentleman said: "This is not in accordance with etiquette. Women should not leave the door to greet each other, should not cross the threshold to meet their brothers, and should not approach women's utensils when fighting."
丁丑，楚子入飨于郑，九献，庭实旅百，加笾豆六品。飨毕，夜出，文羋送于军，取郑二姬以归。叔詹曰：“楚王其不没乎！为礼卒于无别，无别不可谓礼，将何以没？”诸侯是以知其不遂霸也。
Ding Chou, the son of Chu, went to Zheng for a meal. Jiuxian, the court was full of travelers, and he added the sixth grade of Ji Dou. After the feast, they went out at night. Wen Mi was sent to the army and returned with Zheng Erji. Uncle Zhan said: "The king of Chu is nothing! He died for the sake of etiquette. Indiscriminateness cannot be called etiquette. How can he be destroyed?" The princes knew that he would not achieve hegemony.
初九日，楚成王进入郑国接受享礼，主人敬酒九次，庭院里陈列的礼品有一百件，另外再加笾豆礼品六件。宴请完毕，夜里出来，文芈送他到军营里。楚成王带了郑国的两个侍妾回去。叔詹说：“楚成王恐怕不得寿终正寝吧！执行礼节而最后至于男女混杂。男女混杂不能认为合于礼，他将怎么能得到好死？”所以诸侯知道楚成王不能完成霸业。
On the ninth day of the lunar month, King Chu Cheng entered the State of Zheng to receive gifts. The host toasted nine times. There were one hundred gifts displayed in the courtyard, plus six additional gifts of beans. After the banquet, Wen Mi took him to the military camp when he came out at night. King Chu Cheng brought back two concubines from the state of Zheng. Uncle Zhan said: "I'm afraid King Chu Cheng will not die! He enforces etiquette and ends up mixing men and women. Mixing men and women cannot be considered in line with etiquette. How will he die a good death?" So the princes knew that King Chu Cheng could not complete his hegemony.
