【经】
二十有七年春，杞子来朝。夏六月庚寅，齐侯昭卒。秋八月乙未，葬齐孝公。乙巳，公子遂帅师入杞。冬，楚人、陈侯、蔡侯、郑伯、许男围宋。十有二月甲戌，公会诸侯，盟于宋。
In the spring of the seventh year of the twenty-seventh year, Qizi came to court. In the sixth month of summer, Geng Yin, Qi Hou Zhao died. At the end of the eighth month of autumn, Duke Xiao of Qi was buried. At Yisi, the young master then commanded his troops to enter Qi. In winter, the Chu people, Chen Hou, Cai Hou, Zheng Bo, and Xu Nan surrounded the Song Dynasty. In the eleventh month of the twelfth month, Jiaxu, the princes of Guildong allied themselves with the Song Dynasty.
【传】
【Biography】
二十七年春，杞桓公来朝，用夷礼，故曰子。公卑杞，杞不共也。
In the spring of the twenty-seventh year, Duke Huan of Qi came to court and used Yi rites, so he was called Zi. The public is inferior to the wolfberry, and the wolfberry is not the same.
二十七年春季，杞桓公来鲁国朝见。因为他用的是夷人的礼节，所以《春秋》称他为“子”。僖公看不起杞子，由于他认为杞子不恭敬。
In the spring of the twenty-seventh year, Duke Huan of Qi came to the state of Lu to pay homage. Because he used the etiquette of the Yi people, "Spring and Autumn" called him "Zi". Duke Xi looked down on Qi Zi because he thought Qi Zi was disrespectful.
夏，齐孝公卒。有齐怨，不废丧纪，礼也。
In the summer, Duke Xiao of Qi died. If there are grievances between the two, the funeral etiquette should not be abolished.
夏季，齐孝公去世。鲁国虽然对齐国有怨恨，但是仍然没有废弃对邻国君主的吊唁，这是合于礼的。
In the summer, Duke Xiao of Qi passed away. Although the State of Lu had resentment towards the State of Qi, it still did not give up its condolences to the neighboring monarch, which was in line with etiquette.
秋，入杞，责无礼也。
In autumn, when wolfberries enter, they are blamed for being rude.
秋季，公子遂领兵攻入杞国，这是为了责备杞桓公的无礼。
In the autumn, the prince then led his troops to invade the state of Qi. This was to reprimand Duke Huan of Qi for his rudeness.
楚子将围宋，使子文治兵于睽，终朝而毕，不戮一人。子玉复治兵于蒍，终日而毕，鞭七人，贯三人耳。国老皆贺子文，子文饮之酒。蒍贾尚幼，后至，不贺。子文问之，对曰：“不知所贺。子之传政于子玉，曰：‘以靖国也。’靖诸内而败诸外，所获几何？子玉之败，子之举也。举以败国，将何贺焉？子玉刚而无礼，不可以治民。过三百乘，其不能以入矣。苟入而贺，何后之有？”
Chu Zi will besiege the Song Dynasty and send Zi Wen to lead the army at Gui. The dynasty will end without killing anyone. Ziyu resumed his military duties in Chi, and ended the day, whipping seven people and stabbing the ears of three. The elders of the country all congratulated Ziwen, who drank wine. Jiang Jia was still young and arrived later, but did not congratulate him. Ziwen asked, and he replied: "I don't know what to congratulate. When Ziyu handed over the government to Ziyu, he said: 'To appease the country.' Jingzhi internally defeated the outsiders, how much did you gain? Ziyu's defeat was also Ziyu's action. He defeated the country, how can he congratulate him? Ziyu is strong and rude, and cannot govern the people. After three hundred chariots, he cannot enter. Gou enters and congratulates, what will happen next?"
楚成王准备包围宋国，派遣子文在睽地演习作战，一早上就完事，没有杀一个人。子玉又在蒍地演习作战，一天才完事，鞭打七个人，用箭穿三个人的耳朵。元老们都祝贺子文。子文招待他们喝酒。蒍贾年纪还小，迟到了，不祝贺。子文问他，回答说：“不知道要祝贺什么。您把政权传给子玉，说‘为了安定国家’，安定于内而失败于外，所得到的有多少？子玉的对外作战失败，是由于您的推举。推举而使国家失败，有什么可贺的呢？子玉刚愎无礼，不能让他治理军民，率领的兵车超过三百辆，恐怕就不能回来了。如果回来，再祝贺，有什么晚呢？”
King Cheng of Chu prepared to encircle the Song Dynasty and sent Ziwen to conduct military exercises in Guidi. The whole thing was completed in the morning without killing anyone. Ziyu practiced fighting again in Laidi. He finished it in one day, whipping seven people and piercing the ears of three people with arrows. The elders all congratulated Ziwen. Ziwen entertained them to drink. Jiang Jia is still young and late, so I don't want to congratulate you. Ziwen asked him and replied: "I don't know what to congratulate. You passed the power to Ziyu, saying 'for the sake of stabilizing the country'. How much did you get from stabilizing the country but failing externally? Ziyu's failure in foreign wars was due to your Recommendation. What's the point of congratulating Ziyu for his stubbornness and rudeness? If he leads more than 300 troops, it's probably too late to congratulate him."
冬，楚子及诸侯围宋，宋公孙固如晋告急。先轸曰：“报施救患，取威定霸，于是乎在矣。”狐偃曰：“楚始得曹而新昏于卫，若伐曹、卫，楚必救之，则齐、宋免矣。”于是乎蒐于被庐，作三军。谋元帅。赵衰曰：“郤縠可。臣亟闻其言矣，说礼乐而敦《诗》《书》。《诗》、《书》，义之府也。礼乐，德之则也。德义，利之本也。《夏书》曰：‘赋纳以言，明试以功，车服以庸。’君其试之。”及使郤縠将中军，郤溱佐之；使狐偃将上军，让于狐毛，而佐之；命赵衰为卿，让于栾枝、先轸。使栾枝将下军，先轸佐之。荀林父御戎，魏准为右。
In winter, Chuzi and other princes surrounded Song Dynasty, and Gongsun Gu of Song Dynasty was in danger of Jin. Xian Zhen said: "Repaying for the rescue, gaining prestige and establishing hegemony, that's all." Hu Yan said: "Chu first captured Cao, but the new army was in the dark. If Cao and Wei were attacked, Chu would save them, and Qi and Song would be spared." So he searched the houses and formed the three armies. Looking for a marshal. Zhao Shui said: "But it's OK. I am eager to hear what he said, and he talked about rituals and music and listened to the "Poetry" and "Books". "Poems" and "Books" are the house of righteousness. Ritual and music are the principles of virtue. Virtue and justice are the foundation of benefit. "Book of Xia" said: ' He sent Que Yu to lead the army, and Que Qin assisted him; he sent General Hu Yan to lead the army, and gave him to Hu Mao, to assist him; he ordered Zhao Hui to be the minister, and sent him to Luan Zhi and Xian Zhen. He sent General Luan Zhi to the army and sent him to assist him first. Xun Lin's father was in charge of the army, and Wei Zhun was on the right.
冬季，楚成王和诸侯包围宋国。宋国的公孙固到晋国报告紧急情况。先轸说：“报答施舍，救援患难，取得威望，成就霸业，就在这里了。”狐偃说：“楚国刚刚得到曹国，又新近和卫国结为婚姻之国，如果攻打曹、卫两国，楚国必定救援，那么齐国和宋国就可以免于被攻了。”晋国因此而在被庐阅兵，建立三个军，商量元帅的人选。赵衰说：“郤縠可以。我屡次听到他的话，喜爱礼乐而重视《诗》、《书》。《诗》、《书》，是道义的府库；礼乐，是道德的表率；道德礼义，是利益的基础。《夏书》说：‘有益的话全部采纳，考察效果加以试验，如果成功，用车马衣服作为酬劳。’您不妨试一下！”于是晋国派郤縠率领中军，郤溱辅助他。派狐偃率领上军，狐偃让给狐毛而自己辅助他。任命赵衰为卿，赵衰让给栾枝、先轸。命栾枝率领下军，先轸辅助他。荀林父驾御战车，魏犫作为车右。
In winter, King Chu Cheng and the princes surrounded the Song Dynasty. Gongsun Gu of Song State went to Jin State to report the emergency. Xian Zhen said: "Repaying alms, rescuing people in distress, gaining prestige, and achieving hegemony are all here." Hu Yan said: "The state of Chu has just acquired the state of Cao, and has recently married the state of Wei. If they attack Cao and Wei, Chu will definitely rescue them, and then Qi and Song will be immune from attack." Therefore, the Jin State paraded in Beilu, established three armies, and discussed the candidates for marshals. Zhao Shui said: "Que Yu can do it. I have heard his words many times. I love rituals and music and value "Poems" and "Books". "Poems" and "Books" are the treasury of morality; rituals and music are the examples of morality; morality, etiquette and righteousness are the basis of interests." The "Book of Xia" said: "Adopt all the useful words and test the results. If successful, you might as well give it a try!" So the Jin State sent Que Yu to lead the Chinese army, and Que Qin assisted him. Hu Yan was sent to lead the army, and Hu Yan was given to Hu Mao while he assisted him. Zhao Shui was appointed Qing, and Zhao Shui was given to Luan Zhi and Xian Zhen. Luan Zhi was ordered to lead the army, and Xian Zhen was ordered to assist him. Xun Lin's father drove the chariot, and Wei Jian was on the right side of the chariot.
晋侯始入而教其民，二年，欲用之。子犯曰：“民未知义，未安其居。”于是乎出定襄王，入务利民，民怀生矣，将用之。子犯曰：“民未知信，未宣其用。”于是乎伐原以示之信。民易资者不求丰焉，明征其辞。公曰：“可矣乎？”子犯曰：“民未知礼，未生其共。”于是乎大蒐以示之礼，作执秩以正其官，民听不惑而后用之。出谷戍，释宋围，一战而霸，文之教也。
The Marquis of Jin first entered and taught the people. After two years, he wanted to use it. Zifu said: "The people don't know the righteousness, and they can't live in peace." So King Dingxiang came out and went to work to benefit the people. The people were pregnant and would use it. Zi Fu said: "The people don't know the faith, and they haven't announced its use." So he cut down the plains to show his faith. Those who want to change the people and capital do not seek prosperity, but seek to conquer them clearly. The duke asked: "Is that possible?" Zifu said: "The people don't know the etiquette, and they don't have a common understanding of it." So he searched for the etiquette to show it, and used it to enforce the order to correct the officials. The people listened without confusion and then used it. Going out of the valley to garrison, clearing the siege of Song Dynasty, and conquering it in one battle, this is the teaching of Wen.
晋文公一回国，就训练百姓，过了两年，就想使用他们。子犯说：“百姓还不知道道义，还没能各安其位。”晋文公就离开晋国去安定周襄王的君位，回国后致力于便利百姓，百姓就各安于他们的生活了。又打算使用他们，子犯说：“百姓还不知道信用，还不能十分明白信用的作用。”就攻打原国来让百姓看到信用，百姓做买卖不求暴利，明码实价，各无贪心。晋文公说：“行了吗？”子犯说：“百姓还不知道礼仪，没有产生他们的恭敬。”由此举行盛大阅兵来让百姓看到礼仪，建立执秩的官职来规定主管官员的职责。等到百姓看到事情就能明辨是非，然后才使用他们。赶走地的驻军，解除宋国的包围，一次战争就称霸诸侯，这都是文公的教化。
As soon as Jin Wengong returned to the country, he trained the people. After two years, he wanted to use them. Zi Fu said: "The people don't know morality yet, and they haven't been able to settle down in their own right." Duke Wen of Jin left Jin to stabilize King Zhou Xiang's throne. He planned to use them again, but Zifu said: "The people don't know credit, and they don't fully understand the role of credit." So he attacked the original country to let the people see credit. The people do not seek huge profits when doing business, and the prices are clear, and everyone is not greedy. Duke Wen of Jin asked, "Is that enough?" Zifu said, "The people don't know the etiquette yet, and they don't have respect." So a grand military parade was held to let the people see the etiquette, and official positions of rank were established to stipulate the responsibilities of the officials in charge. Wait until the people can tell right from wrong when they see things, and then use them. Driving away the garrison in the land, lifting the siege of the Song Dynasty, and dominating the princes in a single war were all taught by Duke Wen.
