【经】
元年春王正月，公即位。二月癸亥，日有食之。天王使叔服来会葬。夏四月丁巳，葬我君僖公。天王使毛伯来锡公命。晋侯伐卫。叔孙得臣如京师。卫人伐晋。秋，公孙敖会晋侯于戚。冬十月丁未，楚世子商臣弑其君頵。公孙敖如齐。
In the first month of the first year of Spring, the Duke ascended the throne. In the second month of Guihai, there will be an eclipse on the sun. The King of Heaven sent his uncle Fu to attend the funeral. In the fourth month of summer, Ding Si, my king, Duke Xi, was buried. The King of Heaven sent Mao Bol to the Duke of Xi for orders. The marquis of Jin attacked the guards. The uncle and grandson have ministers like the capital master. The people of Wei attacked Jin. In autumn, Gongsun Ao met with the Marquis of Jin and Yu Qi. At the end of the tenth month of winter, Shang Chen, the prince of Chu, killed his king, Wei. Gongsun Ao Ruqi.
【传】
【Biography】
元年春，王使内史叔服来会葬。公孙敖闻其能相人也，见其二子焉。叔服曰：“谷也食子，难也收子。谷也丰下，必有后于鲁国。”
In the spring of the first year, the king sent his uncle Nei Shifu to attend the funeral. Gongsun Ao heard that he was good at understanding people and met his two sons. Shufu said: "The grain also eats the seeds, and it is difficult to harvest the grains. The grain is also abundant, and there will definitely be a successor to the state of Lu."
元年春季，周襄王派遣内史叔服来鲁国参加僖公的葬礼。公孙敖听说叔服能给人看相，便引出自己两个儿子穀和难来见他。叔服说：“穀可以祭祀供养您，难可以安葬您。穀的下颔丰满，后代在鲁国必然昌大。”
In the spring of the first year of the year, King Zhou Xiang sent his internal history uncle Fu to the state of Lu to attend the funeral of Duke Xi. Gongsun Ao heard that his uncle Fu could tell people's faces, so he brought his two sons Gu and Nan to see him. Uncle Fu said: "Gu can offer sacrifices to you, but I can't bury you. Gu's chin is plump, and his descendants will surely be prosperous in Lu."
于是闰三月，非礼也。先王之正时也，履端于始，举正于中，归余于终。履端于始，序则不愆。举正于中，民则不惑。归余于终，事则不悖。
Therefore, it is impolite to have a leap month in March. The former kings were right at the right time, walking at the beginning, moving upright at the middle, and returning to the end. The starting point is the beginning, and the sequence is not wrong. If you keep it right, the people will not be confused. Return to the end, and things will not go against each other.
今年闰三月，这是不合传统习惯的。先王端正时令，年历的推算以冬至作为开始，测定春分、秋分、夏至、冬至的月份作为四季的中月，把剩余的日子归在一年的末尾。年历的推算以冬至作为开始，四季的次序就不会错乱；以正朔的月份作为标准，百姓就不会迷惑；把剩余的月份归总在一年的终了置闰月，事情就不会差误。
This year there is a leap month in March, which is not in line with traditional customs. The former kings corrected the seasons, and the calculation of the almanac began with the winter solstice. The months of the spring equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice were measured as the middle months of the four seasons, and the remaining days were placed at the end of the year. The calculation of the annual calendar starts with the winter solstice, and the order of the four seasons will not be disordered; if the first lunar month is used as the standard, the people will not be confused; if the remaining months are summed up at the end of the year and a leap month is set, things will not go wrong.
夏四月丁巳，葬僖公。
In the fourth month of summer, Ding Si, the Duke of Xi was buried.
夏季，四月二十六日，安葬僖公。
In the summer, on April 26, Duke Xi was buried.
王使毛伯卫来锡公命。叔孙得臣如周拜。
The king sent Mao Bowei to Xigong for orders. Uncles and grandsons receive ministers like Zhou worship.
周襄王派遣毛伯卫来鲁国赐给鲁文公写在竹简上的奖状。叔孙得臣到成周答谢。
King Zhou Xiang sent Mao Bowei to the state of Lu to present Duke Wen of Lu with a certificate of commendation written on a bamboo slip. Shusun Dechen came to Chengzhou to express his gratitude.
晋文公之季年，诸侯朝晋。卫成公不朝，使孔达侵郑，伐绵、訾，及匡。晋襄公既祥，使告于诸侯而伐卫，及南阳。先且居曰：“效尤，祸也。请君朝王，臣従师。”晋侯朝王于温，先且居、胥臣伐卫。五月辛酉朔，晋师围戚。六月戊戌，取之，获孙昭子。
In the third year of Duke Wen of Jin, the princes came to the Jin Dynasty. Duke Cheng of Wei did not go to court, so he sent Kong Da to invade Zheng and attack Mian, Zi, and Kuang. Duke Xianggong of Jin Dynasty was auspicious, so he sent an emissary to inform the princes to attack the guards and reach Nanyang. Xianqieju said: "If you follow your example, it will be a disaster. Please ask the king to go to the king, and the ministers to help the master." The marquis of Jin courted the king Yu Wen, and Xianqieju asked his ministers to attack the guards. On the first day of the fifth lunar month, the Jin army surrounded Qi. In the sixth month of Wuxu, he took it and got Sun Zhaozi.
晋文公的晚年，诸侯朝见晋国，卫成公不去朝见，反而派遣孔达侵袭郑国，攻打绵、訾和匡地。晋襄公在举行小祥祭祀以后，派人通告诸侯而讨伐卫国，到达南阳。先且居说：“学坏样子，这是祸害。请您朝觐周天子，下臣跟随军队。”晋襄公在温地朝觐了周襄王。先且居、胥臣进攻卫国。五月初一日，晋军包围戚地。六月初八日，占取戚地，俘虏了孙昭子。
In the later years of Duke Wen of Jin, when the princes went to court with Jin, Duke Cheng of Wei did not go to the court. Instead, he sent Kongda to invade Zheng and attack Mian, Zi and Kuang. After Jin Xianggong held the Xiaoxiang sacrifice, he sent people to inform the princes to attack Weiguo and arrived in Nanyang. Xian Qieju said: "Learning bad behavior is a disaster. Please pay homage to the Emperor of Zhou, and my ministers will follow the army." Duke Xianggong of Jin paid homage to King Xiang of Zhou in Wendi. Xian Qieju and Xu Chen attacked Weiguo. On the first day of May, the Jin army surrounded Qi. On the eighth day of June, he captured Qi's land and captured Sun Zhaozi.
卫人使告于陈。陈共公曰：“更伐之，我辞之。”卫孔达帅师伐晋，君子以为古。古者越国而谋。
The envoys of the Wei people informed Chen. Chen Gonggong said: "If you attack him more, I will quit." Wei Kongda, the commander of the army, attacked the Jin Dynasty, and a gentleman thought it was ancient. In ancient times, people traveled across the country to plot.
卫国人派人报告陈国。陈共公说：“转过去进攻他们。我去对他们说。”卫国的孔达就率兵进攻晋国。君子认为，这样做属于过于粗心。粗心，指的是让别国给自己出主意。
The people of Wei State sent someone to report to Chen State. Chen Gonggong said: "Turn around and attack them. I will go and tell them." Kong Da of Wei then led his troops to attack Jin. Gentleman thinks that this is too careless. Carelessness refers to letting other countries give you ideas.
秋，晋侯疆戚田，故公孙敖会之。
In the autumn, the marquis of Jin went to Qi Tian, so Gongsun Ao met with him.
秋季，晋襄公划定戚地田土的疆界，所以公孙敖参加了。
In autumn, Duke Xianggang of Jin demarcated the boundaries of Qidi's fields, so Gongsun Ao participated.
初，楚子将以商臣为大子，访诸令尹子上。子上曰：“君之齿未也。而又多爱，黜乃乱也。楚国之举。恒在少者。且是人也。蜂目而豺声，忍人也，不可立也。”弗听。既又欲立王子职而黜大子商臣。商臣闻之而未察，告其师潘崇曰：“若之何而察之？”潘崇曰：“享江问而勿敬也。”従之。江羋怒曰：“呼，役夫！宜君王之欲杀女而立职也。”告潘崇曰：“信矣。”潘崇曰：“能事诸乎？”曰：“不能。”“能行乎？”曰：“不能。”“能行大事乎？”曰：“能。”
At the beginning, Chu Zi took the merchant minister as his eldest son and visited the princes of various orders. Confucius said: "The king's teeth are not yet there. But he loves too much, and deposing him is chaos. The behavior of the Chu State. It always depends on the young. And he is a human being. The eyes of bees and the sound of jackals are too much to bear people, and they cannot be established." Don't listen. He also wanted to establish the position of prince and deposed his eldest son, Shang Chen. The business minister heard about it but did not examine it, so he told his master Pan Chong: "How can we examine it?" Pan Chong said: "You are enjoying the river and asking about it but not respecting it." He was embarrassed. Jiang Mi angrily said: "Huh, servant! It is fitting that the king wants to kill his daughter and establish his position." He told Pan Chong and said, "I believe it." Pan Chong said, "Can you do anything?" He said, "No." "Can you do it?" He said, "No." "Can you do great things?" He said, "Yes."
当初，楚成王打算立商臣为太子，征求令尹子上的意见。子上说：“君王的年纪还不算大，而且内宠又多，立了商臣再加以废黜，就会有祸乱。楚国立太子，常常选择年轻的。而且商臣这个人，眼睛像胡蜂，声音像豺狼，是一个残忍的人，不能立为太子。”楚成王没有听从。立了商臣以后，又想立王子职而废掉太子商臣。商臣听到消息但还没有弄准确，告诉他老师潘崇说：“怎么样能弄准确？”潘崇说：“你设宴招待江芈而故意表示不尊敬。”商臣这样做了。江芈发怒说：“啊！贱东西！难怪君王要杀掉你而立职做太子。”商臣告诉潘崇说：“事情确实了。”潘崇说：“你能事奉公子职吗？”商臣说：“不能。”潘崇说：“能逃亡出国吗？”商臣说：“不能。”潘崇说：“能够办大事吗？”商臣说：“能。”
At the beginning, King Cheng of Chu planned to establish a merchant as the prince and sought the advice of his superior Ling Yin. Zishang said: "The king is not old yet, and he has many favors. If he appoints a merchant minister and then deposes him, there will be trouble. In the state of Chu, young princes are often chosen. Moreover, the merchant minister has eyes like a wasp and a voice like a jackal. He is a cruel person and cannot be established as a prince." King Cheng of Chu did not listen. After establishing the merchant minister, he wanted to establish the prince's position and abolish the prince merchant minister. After hearing the news but not getting it right, Shang Chen told his teacher Pan Chong, "How can I get it right?" Pan Chong said, "You hosted a banquet for Jiang Mi and deliberately showed disrespect." Shang Chen did so. Jiang Mi got angry and said, "Ah! You bitch! No wonder the king wants to kill you and make you the crown prince." The merchant told Pan Chong, "It's true." Pan Chong said, "Can you serve as a prince?" The merchant said, "No." Pan Chong said, "Can you flee the country?" The merchant said, "No." Pan Chong said, "Can you do big things?" The merchant said, "Yes."
冬十月，以宫甲围成王。王请食熊蹯而死。弗听。丁未，王缢。谥之曰：“灵”，不瞑；曰：“成”，乃瞑。
In the tenth month of winter, the king is surrounded by palace armor. The king invited the bear to eat and died. Don't listen. Ding Wei, Wang Hang. The posthumous title is: "Ling", which is not peaceful; the posthumous title is: "Cheng", which is peaceful.
冬季，十月，商臣率领宫中的警卫军包围楚成王，并且逼成王自杀。成王请求吃了熊掌以后去死，商臣不答应。十八日，楚成王上吊而死。给他上谥号称为“灵”，尸体不闭眼睛；谥为“成”，才闭上眼睛。
In winter, in October, business ministers led the palace guards to surround King Chu Cheng and forced King Cheng to commit suicide. King Cheng requested that he die after eating the bear's paws, but the merchant refused. On the 18th, King Chu Cheng hanged himself and died. If he is given the posthumous title of "Ling", his eyes will not be closed when the body is dead; if he is given the posthumous title of "Cheng", his eyes will be closed.
穆王立，以其为大子之室与潘崇，使为大师，且掌环列之尹。
King Mu established him as the eldest son's house and made Pan Chong the master, and he also controlled Yin.
楚穆王即位，把他做太子时的房屋财物给了潘崇，让潘崇做太师，而且作为掌管宫中警卫军的长官。
When King Mu of Chu came to the throne, he gave Pan Chong his house and property when he was the crown prince, and made Pan Chong the grand master and the commander in charge of the palace guard.
穆伯如齐，始聘焉，礼也。凡君即位，卿出并聘，践修旧好，要结外授，好事邻国，以卫社稷，忠信卑让之道也。忠，德之正也；信，德之固也；卑让，德之基也。
Mu Bo is like Qi, and the first engagement is a courtesy. When a king comes to the throne, his ministers will come out and hire them to practice old good deeds. They should make friends with foreign ministers, do good things to neighboring countries, and protect the country. This is the way of loyalty, trust and humility. Loyalty is the righteousness of virtue; faith is the solidity of virtue; humility is the foundation of virtue.
穆伯到齐国去，开始聘问，这是合于礼的。凡是国君即位，卿出国普遍聘问，继续重温过去的友好，团结外援，善待邻国，来保卫国家，这是合于忠、信、卑让的。忠，意味政治道德的纯正；信，意味政治道德的巩固；卑让，意味政治道德有基础。
Mu Bo went to Qi State and began to recruit people. This was in line with etiquette. Whenever a king ascends the throne, his ministers go abroad to make general inquiries, continue to rekindle past friendships, unite foreign aid, treat neighboring countries well, and defend the country. This is in line with loyalty, trust, and humility. Loyalty means the purity of political morality; faith means the consolidation of political morality; humility means the foundation of political morality.
殽之役，晋人既归秦帅，秦大夫及左右皆言于秦伯曰：“是败也，孟明之罪也，必杀之。”秦伯曰：“是孤之罪也。周芮良夫之诗曰；‘大风有隧，贪人败类，听言则对，诵言如醉，匪用其良，覆俾我悖。’是贪故也，孤之谓矣。孤实贪以祸夫子，夫子何罪？”复使为政。
During the Battle of Confucius, when the Jin people returned to the commander-in-chief of Qin, the Qin officials and the people around him all said to Qin Bo: "This is a defeat. It is Meng Ming's crime and he must be killed." Qin Bo said: "This is Gu's crime. Zhou Rui Liangfu's poem said: ' There are tunnels in the wind, greedy people are evil, and they are right when they listen to the words. They use the good things and make them disobedient. 'This is why I am greedy. I am so greedy that I harm the master. What is the sin of the master?
殽地这次战役，晋国放回了秦国的主将，秦国的大夫和左右待臣都对秦穆公说：“这次战败，是孟明的罪过，一定要杀死他。”秦穆公说：“这是我的罪过。周朝芮良夫的诗说：‘大风迅猛把一切摧毁，贪婪的人把善良败坏。听到不相干的就喜欢插嘴，听到《诗》、《书》就打瞌睡，不能任用有才能的人，反而使我和道义相背。’这是由于贪婪的缘故，说的就是我啊。我由于贪婪而使孟明受祸，孟明有什么罪？”重新让孟明执政。
In the battle of Huodi, the Jin State returned the Qin State's general. The Qin State's officials and ministers all said to Qin Mugong: "This defeat is Meng Ming's fault. He must be killed." Qin Mugong said: "This is my sin." Rui Liangfu's poem of the Zhou Dynasty said: "The strong wind destroys everything quickly, and the greedy people destroy the good." Good deeds. I like to interrupt when I hear "Poems" and "Books". I cannot appoint talented people, but I am contrary to morality. "This is because of greed. I am talking about me. I caused Meng Ming to be in trouble. What is Meng Ming's crime?"
