【经】
二年春王二月甲子，晋侯及秦师战于彭衙，秦师败绩。丁丑，作僖公主。三月乙巳，及晋处父盟。夏六月，公孙敖会宋公、陈侯、郑伯、晋士縠盟于垂陇。自十有二月不雨，至于秋七月。八月丁卯，大事于大庙，跻僖公。冬，晋人、宋人、陈人、郑人伐秦。公子遂如齐纳币。
In the spring of the second year of the second year of King Jiazi, the Marquis of Jin and the Qin army fought at Peng Ya, and the Qin army was defeated. Ding Chou, the princess of Xi. In the third month of Yisi, he and his father made a alliance with each other in Jin Dynasty. In the sixth month of summer, Gongsun Ao met Song Gong, Chen Hou, Zheng Bo, and Jin Shiji to form an alliance in Chuilong. There is no rain from October to February, and from autumn to July. On Ding Mao in the eighth month, great things happened in the temple, and he was promoted to Duke Xi. In winter, the Jin, Song, Chen, and Zheng people attacked Qin. The young master is like a coin.
【传】
【Biography】
二年春，秦孟明视帅师伐晋，以报殽之役。二月晋侯御之。先且居将中军，赵衰佐之。王官无地御戎，狐鞫（jū）居为右。甲子，及秦师战于彭衙。秦师败绩。晋人谓秦“拜赐之师”。
In the spring of the second year, Qin Mengming ordered his commander to attack Jin in retaliation for the Battle of Confusion. In February, the Marquis of Jin took control of it. First of all, he will be the general in the army, and Zhao Shuai will assist him. The king's official has no place to control the army, so the fox jū (jū) is on the right. Jiazi, and the Qin division fought in Pengya. The Qin army was defeated. The people of Jin called Qin "the teacher bestowed upon him".
二年春季，秦国的孟明视领兵攻打晋国，以报复殽地这次战役。二月，晋襄公抵抗秦军，先且居率领中军，赵衰辅助他。王官无地为先且居驾御战车，狐鞫居作为车右。二月七日，和秦军在彭衙作战，秦军大败。晋国人说这是秦国“拜谢恩赐的战役”。
In the spring of the second year, Meng Mingshi of Qin State led troops to attack Jin State in retaliation for the battle in Huodi. In February, Duke Xianggong of Jin resisted the Qin army. Xian Qiju led the central army, and Zhao Shui assisted him. When the king's official has no land, he is the first to drive the chariot, and the fox is on the right side of the chariot. On February 7, he fought with the Qin army at Pengya, and the Qin army was defeated. The people of Jin said that this was Qin's "battle of thanks for the gift".
战于殽也，晋梁弘御戎，莱驹为右。战之明日，晋襄公缚秦囚，使莱驹以戈斩之。囚呼，莱驹失戈，狼瞫取戈以斩囚，禽之以従公乘，遂以为右。箕之役，先轸黜之而立续简伯。狼瞫（shěn）怒。其友曰：“盍死之？”瞫曰：“吾未获死所。”其友曰：“吾与女为难。”瞫曰；“《周志》有之，‘勇则害上，不登于明堂。’死而不义，非勇也。共用之谓勇。吾以勇求右，无勇而黜，亦其所也。谓上不我知，黜而宜，乃知我矣。子姑待之。”及彭衙，既陈，以其属驰秦师，死焉。晋师従之，大败秦师。君子谓：“狼瞫于是乎君子。诗曰：‘君子如怒，乱庶遄沮。’又曰：‘王赫斯怒，爰整其旅。’怒不作乱而以従师，可谓君子矣。”
During the battle in Confucius, Liang Hong of the Jin Dynasty was in charge of the Rong army, with Lai Ju on the right. On the next day of the battle, Duke Xiang of Jin bound Qin prisoners and ordered Lai Ju to kill them with a sword. When the prisoner shouted, the horse lost its weapon, the wolf leered and took the weapon to kill the prisoner, and the bird was riding on the male, so he thought it was on the right. In the battle of Ji, Zhen was deposed first and succeeded Jian Bo. Lang Ling (shěn) is angry. His friend said, "Is he going to die?" He said, "I have not found a place to die." His friend said, "I am in trouble with my daughter." He said, "It is said in "Zhou Zhi", 'Being brave will harm the superiors, and you will not be able to stand in the hall.' It is not right to die without justice. Courage is called courage. I seek the right with courage, and I am deposed because of my lack of courage. It is said that it is appropriate for me to depose him. "As for Peng Ya, he died because he belonged to Chi Qin. The Jin army took advantage of it and defeated the Qin army. The gentleman said: "The wolves are grating on the gentleman. The poem says: 'The gentleman is angry, and the common people are in disorder.' It is also said: 'King He is angry, and he is in love with his army.' When he is angry, he does not cause chaos, but he distracts his teachers. This can be said to be a gentleman."
在殽地作战的时候，晋国的梁弘为晋襄公驾御战车，莱驹作为车右。作战的第二天，晋襄公捆绑了秦国的俘虏，派莱驹用戈去杀他们，俘虏大声喊叫，莱驹把戈掉在地上，狼瞫拿起戈砍了俘虏的头，抓起莱驹追上了晋襄公的战车，晋襄公就让他作为车右。箕地这一战役，先轸废掉了狼瞫，而以续简伯作为车右。狼瞫发怒。他的朋友说：“为什么不去死？”狼瞫说：“我没有找到死的地方。”他的朋友说：“我跟你一起发难杀死先轸。”狼瞫说：“《周志》有这样的话：‘勇敢如果杀害在上的人，死后不能进入明堂。’死而不合于道义，这不是勇敢。为国家所用叫做勇敢，我用勇敢得到了车右，没有勇敢而被废黜，也是合适的。如果说上面的人不了解我，废黜得得当，就是了解我了。您姑且等着吧！”到达彭衙，摆开阵势以后，狼瞫率领部下冲进秦军的队伍，死在阵地上。晋军跟着上去，把秦军打得大败。君子认为：“狼瞫由于这样可以算得君子了。《诗》说：‘君子如果发怒，动乱就可以很快阻止。’又说：‘文王勃然大怒，于是就整顿军队。’发怒不去作乱，反而上去打仗，可以说是君子了。”
During the battle in the Zhudi area, Liang Hong of Jin State drove a chariot for Duke Xianggang of Jin, with Lai Ju as the right chariot. On the second day of the battle, Duke Xianggang of Jin tied up the prisoners of Qin and sent Laiju to kill them with a gun. The prisoners shouted loudly, and Laiju dropped the gun to the ground. Wolfgang picked up the gun and chopped off the prisoner's head. He grabbed Laiju and caught up with Duke Xianggang of Jin's chariot. Duke Xiang of Jin made him the right rider. In the battle of Jidi, Xian Zhen abolished Lang Ling and appointed Jian Bo as the right chariot. Lang Ling was angry. His friend said: "Why don't you die?" Langxing said: "I didn't find a place to die." His friend said: "I will join you in the attack to kill Xian Zhen." Langxing said: ""Zhou Zhi" has this saying: 'If you are brave and kill the person above you, you will not be able to enter the Mingtang after death.' Death is not moral, this is not brave. Being used by the country is called bravery. It is appropriate for me to be deposed without bravery. If the people above do not understand me, they understand me well. Just wait for now!" After arriving at Pengya and setting up the battle, Lang Ling led his men into the Qin army and died on the battlefield. The Jin army followed and defeated the Qin army. The gentleman thinks: "Lang Ling can be regarded as a gentleman because of this. "Poetry" said: 'If a gentleman is angry, the turmoil can be quickly stopped.' It also says: 'King Wen was furious, so he rectified the army.' When he was angry, he did not cause chaos, but went to fight. He can be said to be a gentleman."
秦伯犹用孟明。孟明增修国政，重施于民。赵成子言于诸大夫曰：“秦师又至，将必辟之，惧而增德，不可当也。诗曰：‘毋念尔祖，聿修厥德。’孟明念之矣，念德不怠，其可敌乎？”
Uncle Qin still used Meng Ming. Meng Ming improved the state affairs and focused on the people. Zhao Chengzi said to the officials: "The Qin army has arrived again, and the generals will definitely defeat it. It is unreasonable to increase virtue by being afraid. The poem says: 'Don't miss your ancestors, and cultivate your virtues.' Meng Ming has thought of it, and he has not neglected his virtues. How can he be an enemy?"
秦穆公还是任用孟明。孟明进一步修明政事，给百姓以优厚的待遇。赵成子对大夫们说：“秦军如果再一次前来，必定要避开它。由于畏惧而进一步修明了德行，那是不能抵挡的。《诗》说：‘怀念着你的祖先，修明你的德行。’孟明想到这两句诗了。想到德行而努力不懈，难道可以抵挡吗？”
Duke Mu of Qin still appointed Meng Ming. Meng Ming further improved political affairs and gave generous treatment to the people. Zhao Chengzi said to the officials: "If the Qin army comes again, it must avoid it. If you further cultivate your virtue due to fear, you cannot resist it. "Poetry" said: 'Remember your ancestors and cultivate your virtue.' Meng Ming thought of these two lines of poetry. Thinking of virtue and working hard, can you resist it?"
丁丑，作僖公主，书，不时也。
Ding Chou, who was Princess Xi, wrote books from time to time.
二十日，制作僖公的神主牌位。《春秋》之所以记载，是由于制作不及时。
On the 20th, the memorial tablet of Lord Xi was made. The reason why "Spring and Autumn" records it is because it was not produced in time.
晋人以公不朝来讨，公如晋。夏四月己巳，晋人使阳处父盟公以耻之。书曰：“及晋处父盟。”以厌之也。适晋不书，讳之也。公未至，六月，穆伯会诸侯及晋司空士縠盟于垂陇，晋讨卫故也。书士縠，堪其事也。
The people of Jin think that the public does not come to court to sue, and the public is like Jin. In the fourth month of the summer, the people of Jin sent Yang Chu's father and alliance to shame him. The book said: "And the father's alliance in Jin Dynasty." It's because of disgust. It was not written in the Jin Dynasty, so it was taboo. Before the duke arrived, in the sixth month, Mu Bo met with the princes and the ministers of the Jin Dynasty, Kongshi, to make an alliance at Chuilong, where the Jin army attacked the Wei. The scholar Yu is worthy of his work.
晋国人由于鲁文公不去朝见而前来讨伐。文公去了晋国。夏季，四月十三日，晋国派阳处父和文公结盟来羞辱他。《春秋》记载说“及晋处父盟”，这是表示厌恶的意思。到晋国去而不加记载，这是出于隐讳。鲁文公没有到达鲁国，六月，穆伯在垂陇和诸侯以及晋国司空士縠结盟，这是由于晋国攻打卫国的缘故。《春秋》记载称为“士縠”，是由于认为他能够胜任。
The people of Jin came to attack because Duke Wen of Lu did not go to court. Duke Wen went to Jin. In the summer, on April 13, Jin sent Yang Chufu to form an alliance with Wen Gong to humiliate him. "Spring and Autumn" records that "Ji Chufu made an alliance with Jin Chu", which means disgust. He went to Jin without recording it, which was out of confidentiality. Duke Wen of Lu did not arrive at the State of Lu. In the sixth month, Mu Bo formed an alliance with the princes and Sikong Shiji of the State of Jin at Chuilong. This was because the State of Jin attacked the State of Wei. "Spring and Autumn" recorded that he was called "Shi Yu" because he was considered competent.
陈侯为卫请成于晋，执孔达以说。
Chen Hou invited Cheng Yu to serve as a guard, and held Kong Da to speak.
陈共公为卫国向晋国求和，拘捕了孔达以向晋国解说。
Chen Gonggong sued for peace from the Jin State for the sake of defending the country, and arrested Kongda to explain to the Jin State.
秋八月丁卯，大事于大庙，跻僖公，逆祀也。于是夏父弗忌为宗伯，尊僖公，且明见曰：“吾见新鬼大，故鬼小。先大后小，顺也。跻圣贤，明也。明、顺，礼也。”
In the eighth month of Autumn and Ding Mao, great things happened in the big temple, and he was promoted to the Duke of Xi, and he was rebellious in offering sacrifices. So Xia's father Fu Ji became the uncle of the clan, respected Duke Xi, and said clearly: "I see that the new ghost is big, so the ghost is small. Big first and then small, which is obedient. To be among the sages is Ming. Ming and Shun are the etiquette."
秋季，八月十三日，在太庙祭祀，升僖公的神位在闵公之上，这是不按顺序的祭祀。当时夏父弗忌担任宗伯，尊崇僖公，而且宣布他所见到的说：“我见到新鬼大，旧鬼小，先大后小，这是顺序。使圣上升位，这是明智。明智、顺序，这是合于礼的。”
In autumn, on the 13th day of the eighth month, sacrifices were held at the Ancestral Temple, and the throne of Lord Xi was elevated above that of Lord Min. This was a non-sequential sacrifice. At that time, Xia's father, Fuji, was the uncle, respected Duke Xi, and declared what he saw: "I saw the new ghost is big, the old ghost is small, first big and then small, this is the order. It is wise to raise the saint to the throne. It is wise and order, this is in line with etiquette."
君子以为失礼。礼无不顺。祀，国之大事也，而逆之，可谓礼乎？子虽齐圣，不先父食久矣。故禹不先鲧，汤不先契，文、武不先不窋。宋祖帝乙，郑祖厉王，犹上祖也。是以《鲁颂》曰：“春秋匪解，享祀不忒，皇皇后帝，皇祖后稷。”君子曰礼，谓其后稷亲而先帝也。《诗》曰：“问我诸姑，遂及伯姊。”君子曰礼，谓其姊亲而先姑也。仲尼曰：“臧文仲，其不仁者三，不知者三。下展禽，废六关，妾织蒲，三不仁也。作虚器，纵逆祀，祀爰居，三不知也。”
A gentleman considers it rude. There is nothing wrong with the etiquette. Sacrifice is a major event for the country, but if you go against it, can you call it etiquette? Although the son is a saint, he has not lived as long as his father. Therefore, Yu did not precede Gun, Tang did not precede Qi, and civil and military forces did not precede Chu. Emperor Yi, the ancestor of the Song Dynasty, and King Li, the ancestor of Zheng, are still the ancestors of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, "Song of Lu" says: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, the bandits were separated, and the sacrifices were not too late. The emperor was the emperor, and the emperor was the ancestor of Houji." The gentleman said rites, which means that Houji is related to the emperor before him. "Poetry" says: "Ask my aunts, and then I will talk to my uncle and sister." The gentleman said "Li", which means that his sister is a relative and he is his aunt. Zhongni said: "Zang Wenzhong has three unkindnesses and three ignorances. He spreads the birds, wastes six passes, and concubines weave cattails, which are the three unkindnesses. He makes empty utensils, goes against the will of worship, and worships the love and residence, the three ignorances."
君子认为，这样做是失礼。礼没有不合顺序的。祭祀是国家的大事，不按顺序，难道能说合于礼吗？儿子虽然聪明圣哲，不能在父亲之前享受祭品，由来己久。所以禹不能在鲧之前，汤不能在契之前，文王、武王不能在窋之前。宋国以帝乙为祖宗，郑国以厉王为祖宗，这还是对祖宗的尊崇。所以《鲁颂》说：“一年四季的祭祀不懈怠，没有差错，致祭于上帝，又致祭于伟大的祖先后稷。”君子说这合于礼，说的是后稷虽然亲近，然而却先称上帝。《诗》说：“问候我的姑母们，再问候到各位姐姐。”君子说这合于礼，说的是姐姐虽然亲近，然而却先称姑姑。孔子说：“臧文仲，他不仁爱的事情有三件，不聪明的事情有三件。使展禽居于下位，设立六个关口，小老婆织席贩卖，这是三件不仁爱的事情。养一个大乌龟、迷信卜卦，纵容不合顺序的祭祀，祭祀海鸟爰居，这是三件不聪明的事情。”
A gentleman considers it disrespectful to do so. The etiquette is not out of order. Sacrifices are a major national event. If they are not carried out in order, can they be said to be in line with etiquette? Although the son is a wise and sage, he cannot enjoy the sacrifice before his father. This has been a long history. Therefore, Yu cannot be before Gun, Tang cannot be before Qi, and King Wen and King Wu cannot be before Chu. The Song Dynasty regards Emperor Yi as its ancestor, and the Zheng Kingdom regards King Li as its ancestor. This is still respect for the ancestors. Therefore, "Song of Lu" says: "Sacrifice throughout the year is not slack, without any mistakes, and the sacrifices are made to God, and also to the great ancestor Houji." The gentleman said that this is in line with etiquette, and what he means is that although Houji is close to him, he calls God first. "Poetry" says: "Greetings to my aunts, and then to all the sisters." The gentleman said that this is in line with etiquette, and it means that although the sisters are close to each other, they call them aunt first. Confucius said: "Zang Wenzhong, there are three things he does that are unkind and three things that are unwise. He puts the birds in a lower position, sets up six gates, and the little wife weaves mats and sells them. These are three unkind things. Raising a big tortoise, superstitious divination, condoning out-of-order sacrifices, and sacrificing seabirds. These are three unwise things."
冬，晋先且居、宋公子成、陈辕选、郑公子归生伐秦，取汪，及彭衙而还，以报彭衙之役。卿不书，为穆公故，尊秦也，谓之崇德。
In the winter, Jin Xianqieju, Song Gongzi Cheng, Chen Yuanxuan, and Zheng Gongzi returned to attack Qin, captured Wang, and Peng Yamen and returned, in retaliation for the battle of Peng Yamen. If Qing does not write, it is because of Duke Mu that he respects Qin, which is called advocating virtue.
冬季，晋国先且居、宋国公子成、陈国辕选、郑国公子归生攻打秦国，占取了汪地和彭衙，然后回国，以报复上次彭衙的战役。卿的名字不加记载，这是为了穆公的缘故。尊重秦国，叫做尊重德行。
In winter, Jin Xianqiju, Song Gongzi Cheng, Chen Guoyuanxuan, and Zheng Guogong returned to attack Qin, occupying Wangdi and Pengya, and then returned to the country to avenge the last battle of Pengya. Qing's name is not recorded for the sake of Duke Mu. Respecting Qin is called respecting virtue.
襄仲如齐纳币，礼也。凡君即位，好舅甥，修昏姻，娶元妃以奉粢盛，孝也。孝，礼之始也。
Xiang Zhong is like Qin Na coins, which is also a courtesy. When Fanjun ascends the throne, he will treat his uncle and nephew well, cultivate a late marriage, and marry the Yuan concubine to make her rich and prosperous, which is filial piety. Filial piety is the beginning of etiquette.
襄仲到齐国致送玉帛财礼，这是合于礼的。凡是国君即位，加强舅甥国家间的友好，办理婚姻的事，娶元配夫人来主持祭祀，这是孝道。孝道，是礼的开始。
Xiang Zhong went to Qi to send gifts of jade and silk, which was in line with etiquette. Whenever a king ascends the throne, he strengthens the friendship between uncles and nephews, handles marriages, and marries his first wife to preside over sacrifices. This is filial piety. Filial piety is the beginning of etiquette.
