【Original text】
六月，晋、楚遇于鄢陵(1)。范文子不欲战。欲至曰：“韩之战， 惠公不振旅(2)；萁之役，先轸不反命(3)；泌之师，l B不复从(4)；皆晋 之耻也！子亦见君子事矣，今我辟楚，又益耻也。”文子曰： “吾先君之亟战也(5)，有故。秦、狄、 楚皆强，不尽力，子孙将弱。今三强服矣，敌，楚而已。惟 圣人能外内无患。自非圣人(6)，外宁必有内忧。盍释楚以为外惧乎？”
In June, Jin and Chu met at Yanling (1). Fan Wenzi didn't want to fight. Yuzhi said: "In the battle of Han, Hui Gong failed to revive the brigade (2); in the battle of Qi, Xian Zhen did not rebel against his orders (3); the master of Bi will no longer follow (4); it is a shame for Jin! I also see that a gentleman is doing things, and now I am separated from Chu, which is also a shame." Wenzi said: "My ancestors are in urgent need of war (5), there is a reason. Qin, Di, If Chu is strong, his descendants will be weak. Now the three strong enemies are Chu. Only a sage can be free from internal and external troubles. Since he is not a sage, does he think he will be afraid of external troubles?"
甲午晦(7)，楚晨压晋军而陈。军吏患之。范戤趋进(8)，曰：“塞 井夷灶(9)，陈于军中，而疏行首(10)。晋楚唯天所授，何患焉？”文子 执戈逐之，曰：“国之存亡，天也，童子何知焉？”弈书曰：“楚师轻佻(11)， 固磊而待之，三日必退。退而击之，必获胜焉。” 至曰： “楚有六间(12)，不可失也：其二卿相恶(13)！王卒以旧(14)；郑陈而不并不整；蛮军而不陈(15)；陈不违晦(16)；在陈而加嚣(17)。合而加嚣。各顾其后，莫 有斗心，旧不必良，以犯天忌(18)，我必克之。”
At the end of Jiawu (7), the Chu Dynasty suppressed the Jin army and marched to Chen. Military officials suffer from it. Fan Zhen rushed forward (8) and said: "Stop the well and barricade the stove (9), place it in the army, and leave the leader (10). Jin and Chu are only given by heaven, so why bother?" Wenzi chased them with arms, saying: "The survival of the country depends on heaven, how can a boy know it?" Yi Shu said: "The master of Chu is frivolous (11), Wait for it and you will retreat in three days. If you retreat and attack it, you will win. "Zhi said: "There are six states in Chu (12), and they cannot be lost. The king's soldiers are not in harmony with each other (13); If you have a fighting spirit, you don’t have to be good. If you violate the taboo of heaven (18), I will definitely overcome it.”
楚予登巢车，以望晋军(19)。子重使大宰伯州犁待于王后(20)。王 曰：“骋而左右，何也？”曰：“召军吏也。”“皆聚于中军矣。”曰： “合谋也。”“张幕矣。”曰：“虔卜于先君也(21)。”“彻幕矣。”曰： “将发命也。”“甚嚣，且尘上矣。”曰：“将塞井夷灶而为行也。” “皆乘矣，左右执兵而下矣。”曰：“听誓也。(22)”“战乎”曰：“未 可知也。”“乘而左右皆下矣。”曰：“战祷也。”伯州犁以公卒告王。 苗贲皇在晋侯之侧(23)，亦以王卒告。皆曰：“国士在，且厚(24),不可 当也。”苗贲皇言于晋侯曰：“楚之良(25)，在其中军王族而已。请分 良以击其左右，而三军萃于王卒(26)，必大败之。”公筮之，史曰； “吉。其卦遇《复》(27)，曰：‘南国蹴(28)，射其元王(29)，中厥目。’ 国蹴、王伤，不败何待？”公从之。
Chu Yu boarded the chariot to look at the Jin army (19). Zizhong sent the chief minister Bozhouli to stay with the queen (20). The king said: "Why are you galloping to the left and right?" He said: "Calling the army officials." "They are all gathered in the middle army." He said: "Conspiracy." "The curtain is drawn." He said: "The divination is based on the previous emperor (21)." "The curtain is complete." He said: "The order will be issued." "It's very noisy, and the dust is on the ground." He said: "The well will be blocked and the stove will be moved." "They are all riding on it, holding soldiers on the left and right and going down." He said: "Listen to the oath. (22)" "War" said: "Unknown." "Ride on and the left and right are going down." He said: "Pray for war." Bozhou Li told the king with a public soldier. Emperor Miao Ben was on the side of the Marquis of Jin (23), and he also reported that the king had died. They all said: "The country's soldiers are here, and they are thick (24), so they cannot be taken care of." Emperor Miao Ben said to the Marquis of Jin: "The good people of Chu (25) only have the royal family in the army. Please divide the good people to attack them on the left and right, and if the three armies gather with the king's soldiers (26), they will be defeated." Gong Zhi, Shi said; "Ji. When his hexagram meets "Fu" (27), it says: 'The South Kingdom kicked off (28), and shot the Yuan King (29), and hit his eyes.' If the king is injured when he kicks at the country, what should he do if he is not defeated?" The Duke followed.
【注释】
【Note】
①鄢陵：郑国地名，在今河南鄢陵。②范文子：即士燮。不振旅：军 旅不振，意思是战败。③先轸：箕之战中晋军主帅。不反命：不能回国 复君命。(4)泌(bi)：郑国地名，在今河南郑州西北。l B：即l L父， 泌之战中晋军主帅。不复从：不能从原路退兵，即战败逃跑。(5)亟 (qi)：多次。(6)自：如果。(7)晦：夏历每月的最后一天。(8)范 戤（gai）：范文子士燮的儿子，又称范宣子。趋进：快步向前。(9)塞：填。 夷：平。(10)行首：行道。疏行首：把行列间的通道疏通。(11)轻窕：即 轻佻，指军心轻浮急躁。(12)间：间 ，缺陷。(13)二卿；指子重和子 反。相恶：不和。(14)王卒以旧：楚王的亲兵都用贵族子弟。(15)蛮军： 指楚国带来的南方少数民族军队。(16)违晦：避开晦日。古人认为月末那 天不适宜用兵。(17)嚣：喧哗。(18)犯天忌：指晦日用兵。(19)楚子： 指楚共王。巢车：一种设有潦望楼的兵车，用以望远(20)伯州犁：晋国 大夫伯宗的儿子，伯宗死后他逃到楚国当了太宰。(21)虔：诚。卜：占卜。 (22)听誓：听主帅发布誓师令。(23)苗贲(ben)皇：楚国令尹斗椒的儿 子。(24)国士：国中精选的武士。厚：指人数众多。(25)良：精兵。萃：集中。＠《复》：《周易》的卦名。＠南国：指楚国。蹴 。窘迫。④元王：元首，指楚共王。
① Yanling: The place name of Zheng State, in today’s Yanling, Henan. ②Fan Wenzi: that is, Shi Xie. Weak brigade: The army is weak, which means defeated. ③Xian Zhen: The commander-in-chief of the Jin army in the Battle of Ji. Not rebelling against one's orders: one cannot return to the country to restore the emperor's order. (4) Secret (bi): The place name of Zheng State, located in the northwest of Zhengzhou, Henan Province. l B: That is l L's father, the commander-in-chief of the Jin army in the Battle of Mi. Not to follow: unable to retreat from the original route, that is, defeated and fled. (5) Urgent (qi): multiple times. (6)Self: if. (7) Hui: The last day of each month in the lunar calendar. (8) Fan Xun (gai): The son of Fan Wenzi Shixie, also known as Fan Xuanzi. To advance: to move forward quickly. (9) Stuff: fill. Flatten: level. (10) The first line: walking on the road. The first step is to clear the passage between rows and rows. (11) Frivolous: That is, frivolous, which refers to the frivolous and impetuous spirit of the military. (12) Jian: Jian, defect. (13) Erqing; refers to Zizhong and Zifan. Hate each other: disharmony. (14) The king's soldiers are still old: The king of Chu's personal soldiers all use noble children. (15) Barbarian Army: Refers to the southern minority army brought by Chu State. (16) Disobey: Avoid the dark sun. The ancients believed that the end of the month was not suitable for military use. (17) clamor: noisy. (18) Breaking the taboo of heaven: refers to using troops in the dark day. (19) Chu Zi: refers to the king of Chu. Chao chariot: a military chariot with a watchtower for looking into the distance (20) Bozhou plow: the son of Bo Zong, the official of the Jin state. After Bo Zong's death, he fled to the state of Chu and became the chief minister. (21) Piety: Sincerity. Divination: divination. (22) Listen to the oath: Listen to the coach’s oath-taking order. (23) Emperor Miao Ben (ben): The son of Yin Doujiao, the magistrate of Chu State. (24) Guo Shi: Selected warriors in the country. Thick: refers to a large number of people. (25) Good: Elite soldier. Cui: concentration. @"Fu": the hexagram name of "Zhouyi". @南国: refers to the State of Chu. Kick. Embarrassed. ④Yuanwang: the head of state, refers to the king of the Communist Party of Chu.
【译文】
【Translation】
夏六月，晋国军队和楚国军队在鄢陵相遇。士燮不想同楚军交战 。欲至曰：“秦、晋韩原之战，惠公未能整军而归；晋、狄萁之 战，主帅先轸不能回来复命；晋、楚泌之战，主帅l L父兵败溃逃。 这些都是晋国的奇耻大辱！你也见过先君这些战事，现在我们躲避 楚军，就有增加了耻辱。士燮说：“我们先君多次作战是有原因的。 秦、狄、 、楚都是强国，如果我们不尽力，子孙 后代就将被削弱。现在秦、狄、 三个强国已经屈服了敌人只 有一个楚国罢了。只有圣人才能做到国家内部和外部不存在忧患。 如果不是圣人’外部安宁就必定会有内部忧患。为什么不暂时放 过楚国，使晋国对外保持警惕呢？”
In June of Xia, the Jin army and the Chu army met in Yanling. Shi Xie did not want to fight with the Chu army. Yuzhi said: "In the battle between Qin and Jin Hanyuan, Hui Gong failed to assemble his army and returned; in the battle between Jin and Di Chu, the commander Xian Zhen was unable to return; in the battle between Jin and Chu Mi, commander L L's father was defeated and fled. These are the great shame and humiliation of Jin! You have also seen the wars of the predecessor, and now we avoid the Chu army, which adds to the shame. Shi Xie said: "There is a reason why our predecessor fought many times. Qin, Di, Chu, and Chu are all powerful countries. If we don't do our best, future generations will be weakened. Now the three powerful states of Qin, Di, and Qin have surrendered, and there is only one enemy, Chu. Only a saint can ensure that there are no worries inside or outside the country. If you are not a saint, you will have internal troubles if you have external peace. Why not temporarily let Chu go and make Jin stay vigilant to the outside world? "
六月二十九日，月末的最后一天，楚军一大早就逼近了晋军， 并摆开了阵势。晋军军官感到了害怕。范戤快步走上前来说：“ 把井填上，把灶铲平，在自己军营中摆开阵势，把队伍之间的行道疏通。 晋国和楚国都是天意所归的国家，有什么可担心的？”士燮 听了气得拿起戈赶他出去，并说：“国家的存亡，是天意决定的，小孩子 知道什么？”弈书说：“楚军轻浮急噪，我们坚守营垒等待著， 三天之后楚军一定会撤退。他们退走时我们再出击，必定会取得胜利。” 欲至说：“楚军有六个弱点，我们不要放过机会：他们的两个统帅 彼此不和；楚王的亲兵都是贵族子弟；郑国军队虽然摆出了阵势， 但是军容不整；楚军中的蛮人虽然成军，但不能布成阵势； 布阵不避开月末这天；他们的士兵在阵中很吵闹，遇上交战会更 吵闹。个人只注意自己的退路，没有斗志，贵族子弟也并非精兵， 月末用兵又犯了天忌，我们一定能战胜他们。”
On June 29, the last day of the month, the Chu army approached the Jin army early in the morning and set up their formation. The Jin army officers were frightened. Fan Zhen stepped forward quickly and said: "Fill in the well, level the stove, set up a battle array in your camp, and clear the roads between the troops. Jin and Chu are both countries destined by God, so what is there to worry about?" After hearing this, Shi Xie was so angry that he picked up a gun and drove him out, and said: "The survival of a country is determined by God's will, little boy. What do you know?" Yi Shu said: "The Chu army is frivolous and anxious. We will hold on to the camp and wait. After three days, the Chu army will retreat. If we attack again when they retreat, we will definitely win." Yuzhi said, "The Chu army has six weaknesses. We should not miss the opportunity: their two commanders are at odds with each other; the soldiers of the King of Chu are all nobles; although the Zheng army is in a good position. But the army is not in good shape; although the barbarians in the Chu army have formed an army, they cannot form a formation; they do not avoid the end of the month; their soldiers are very noisy in the formation, and they will be even more noisy when encountering battles. Individuals only focus on their own retreat and have no fighting spirit. The nobles are not elite soldiers. Using troops at the end of the month is a taboo. We will definitely defeat them."
楚共王登上了巢车‘观望晋军的动静。子重派太宰伯州犁在 楚王后面陪著。楚王问道：“晋军正驾著兵车左右奔跑，这是怎么回事？”伯州犁回答说：“是召集军官。”楚王说：“那些人都 到中军集合了。”伯州犁说：“这是在开会商量。”楚王说：“搭起 帐幕了。”伯州犁说：“这是晋军虔诚地向先君卜吉凶。”楚王说： “撤去帐幕了。”伯州犁说：“快要发布命令了。”楚王说：“非常喧 闹，而且尘土飞扬起来了。”伯州犁说：“这是准备填井平灶，摆 开阵势。”楚王说：“都登上了战车，左右两边的人又拿著武器下 车了。”伯州犁说：“这是听取主帅发布誓师令。”楚王问道：“要 开战了吗？”伯州犁回答说：“还不知道。”楚王说：“又上了战车， 左右两边的人又都下来了。”伯州犁说：“这是战前向神祈祷。”伯 州犁把晋侯亲兵的位置告诉了楚共王。苗贲皇在晋厉公身旁，也 把楚共王亲兵的位置告诉了晋厉公。晋厉公左右的将士都说；“楚 国最出色的武士都在中军，而且人数众多，不可抵挡。”苗贲皇对 晋厉公说：“楚国的精锐部队只不过是中军里那些楚王的亲兵罢 了。请分出一些精兵来攻击楚国的左右两军，再集中三军攻打楚 王的亲兵，一定能把它们打得大败。”晋厉公卜筮问吉凶，卜官说： “大吉。得的是个‘复’卦，卦辞说：‘南国窘迫，用箭射它的国 王，射中他的眼睛。’国家窘迫，国君受伤，不打败仗还会有什么 呢？”晋厉公听从了卜官的话。
The King of the Communist Party of Chu boarded the chariot to wait and see the movements of the Jin army. Zizhong sent Taizai Bo Zhouli to accompany the King of Chu. The king of Chu asked: "The Jin army is running around in chariots. What's going on?" Bozhouli replied: "It's to summon the officers." The king of Chu said: "Those people have gathered in the central army." Bozhouli said: "This is a meeting to discuss." The king of Chu said: "The tent has been set up." Bozhouli said: "This is the Jin army piously predicting good or bad luck to the ancestors." The king of Chu said: "The tent has been removed." Bozhouli said: "The order is about to be issued." King Chu said: "It is very noisy, and the dust is flying." Bozhouli said: "This is to prepare to fill the wells, level the stoves, and set up the battle." King Chu said: "They all boarded the chariots, and the people on the left and right got off the vehicles with weapons." Bozhouli said: "This is to listen to the commander's swearing-in order." King Chu asked: "What do you want? Has the war begun?" Bo Zhouli replied, "I don't know yet." The king of Chu said, "He got on the chariot again, and the people on the left and right got off again." Bo Zhouli said, "This is to pray to God before the battle." Bo Zhouli told the king of the Chu army. Emperor Miao Ben, who was beside Duke Li of Jin, also informed Duke Li of Jin about the location of the soldiers of the King of the Communist Party of Chu. The generals around Duke Li of Jin all said, "The best warriors of Chu are in the central army, and their numbers are so large that they cannot be resisted." Emperor Miao Ben said to Duke Li of Jin, "The elite troops of Chu are just the personal soldiers of the King of Chu in the central army. Please send some elite troops to attack the left and right armies of Chu, and then concentrate the three armies to attack Chu. The king's soldiers will definitely defeat them." Duke Li of Jin asked about the fortune, and the fortune teller said: "Good luck. The fortune teller said: "The southern country is in trouble, shoot its king in the eye." The country is in distress, and the king is injured. What will happen if the battle is not defeated?
【读解】
【Interpretation】
这是一场晋、楚两国为争取小国附庸而进行的战争，最后以 晋军获胜结束。这场战争真正充分证明了“成者为王，败者为 寇”的古训。彼此间的争斗没有什么正义和非正义可言，无非是 为了捞取各自的好处。
This was a war between Jin and Chu to win over the vassals of a small country, and it ended with the victory of the Jin army. This war truly fully proved the ancient saying that "the winner is the king and the loser is the bandit". There is nothing just or unfair in the fight between them, it is nothing more than seeking their own benefits.
使人感兴趣的不是谁胜谁负，而是对立双方在交战过程中的 表演。
What interests people is not who wins or loses, but the performance of the two opposing parties in the battle.
士燮所说的“外宁必有内忧”，给人的感觉似乎是只有靠不断 地进行对外战争，才能保证自己国内的安宁。换句话说，如果治 理不好国家内部，就靠对外战争来转移国内人们的视线和注意力。当国家命运的决策人当到这个地步，可以说已经到了黔驴技穷、 山穷水尽的境地。这样的统治者不下台，还呆在权利位置上赶什么？
Shi Xie's saying, "External peace must have internal troubles," gives the impression that only by constantly conducting foreign wars can we ensure domestic tranquility. In other words, if the internal governance of a country is not good, it will rely on external war to divert the attention and attention of people at home. When the decision-maker of the country's destiny reaches this point, it can be said that it has reached a point where the donkey's skills are at the end of his rope. If such a ruler does not step down, why should he remain in a position of power?
认真的想，这实在是一种强盗逻辑，都不可能把希望寄托在 同强国打仗、吞并弱小国家之上。或许，这种强盗逻辑在春秋时代 行得通而在现在则行不通。统治者的主要职责是使国家富强， 人民幸福，为此可做的事和必须做的事太多了，必须要付出太多 的精力。
If you think about it seriously, this is really a kind of gangster logic. It is impossible to place your hopes on fighting powerful countries and annexing weak countries. Perhaps this kind of bandit logic worked in the Spring and Autumn Period but not now. The main responsibility of the ruler is to make the country prosperous and the people happy. There are too many things that can and must be done for this, and too much energy must be spent.
再说，内患并不是必然的，也不是从天上掉下来的；它在根 本上是由统治者自己造成的。如果天下太平，国家富强，人民幸 福，政治清明，统治者廉洁奉公，谁会起来造反？还是《水浒 传》当中那句话说得好：官逼民反，民不得不反。老百姓盼望的 是过和平安宁的日子，平白无故造什么反？
Besides, internal troubles are not inevitable, nor do they fall from the sky; they are fundamentally caused by the rulers themselves. If the world is peaceful, the country is prosperous, the people are happy, the government is clear, and the rulers are honest and loyal, who will rise up in rebellion? The sentence in "Water Margin" is still good: if the officials force the people to rebel, the people will have no choice but to rebel. What the people want is to live in peace and tranquility, so why rebel for no reason?
国家的内乱，要么是政治腐败、治理无方、统治者荒淫无道， 致使民不聊生造成的，要么是由统治集团内部的勾心斗角、尔虞 我诈、争权夺利造成的。在这种情况下试图以对外扩张和侵略来 治病，充其量是治表而无法治根，甚至更有可能加重内乱，使毛 病积重难返，直到病入膏育，不可救药。
Civil strife in a country is either caused by political corruption, incompetent governance, or the ruler's licentiousness, which makes the people miserable, or it is caused by intrigues, intrigues, and struggles for power within the ruling group. Under such circumstances, trying to treat the disease through external expansion and aggression will at best treat the symptoms but not the root cause. It may even aggravate the internal strife and make the disease difficult to recover until the disease becomes incurable and incurable.
话虽然这么说，晋军毕竟会打仗，最终获得了鄢陵之战的胜 利。他们所凭借的，不是正气和道义，不过是正确的战略战术罢 了。这同政治腐败、扩张野心膨胀是两回事。他们首先做到了知 己知彼，摸透了楚军的六大弱点，这六个弱点中几乎每一个都是 致命的。比如主帅不和，在两军对垒的残绘战斗中必然会令出两 端，弄得士兵不知所措。比如贵族子弟参战，这些个公子哥儿养 尊处优惯了，趾高气昂，志满意得，却吃不了苦，没有战斗力，成 事不足，败事有余。这样一来，对敌方的弱点了如指掌，因此胸 有成竹，怎能不打胜仗？
Having said that, the Jin army knew how to fight after all, and finally won the Battle of Yanling. What they rely on is not righteousness and morality, but correct strategies and tactics. This is different from political corruption and expansion ambition. They first knew themselves and the enemy, and figured out the six major weaknesses of the Chu army. Almost every one of these six weaknesses was fatal. For example, if the commanders are at odds, in a can-pain battle between two armies, it will inevitably lead to two ends, leaving the soldiers at a loss. For example, when aristocratic children join the war, these young masters are used to being pampered, arrogant and satisfied, but they cannot endure hardships, have no fighting ability, fail to succeed, and fail more than they succeed. In this way, we know the enemy's weaknesses very well, so we are confident. How can we not win the battle?
